git.delta.rocks / unique-network / refs/commits / 04cd15cc5d24

--- a/tests/src/eth/util/playgrounds/index.ts
+++ b/tests/src/eth/util/playgrounds/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 import chai from 'chai';
 import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
-import { requirePalletsOrSkip } from '../../../util/playgrounds';
+import {requirePalletsOrSkip} from '../../../util/playgrounds';
 chai.use(chaiAsPromised);
 export const expect = chai.expect;
 

--- a/tests/src/eth/util/playgrounds/unique.dev.ts
+++ b/tests/src/eth/util/playgrounds/unique.dev.ts
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
   }
 
   fromTokenId(collectionId: number, tokenId: number): string  {
-    return this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(collectionId, tokenId);
+    return this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddressRaw({collectionId, tokenId});
   }
 
   normalizeAddress(address: string): string {

--- a/tests/src/nesting/graphs.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/nesting/graphs.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
-import {ApiPromise} from '@polkadot/api';
+// Copyright 2019-2022 Unique Network (Gibraltar) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Unique Network.
+
+// Unique Network is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Unique Network is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Unique Network. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 import {IKeyringPair} from '@polkadot/types/types';
-import {expect} from 'chai';
-import {tokenIdToCross} from '../eth/util/helpers';
-import usingApi, {executeTransaction} from '../substrate/substrate-api';
-import {getCreateCollectionResult, transferExpectSuccess, setCollectionLimitsExpectSuccess} from '../util/helpers';
+import {expect, itSub, usingPlaygrounds} from '../util/playgrounds';
+import {UniqueHelper, UniqueNFTToken} from '../util/playgrounds/unique';
 
 /**
  * ```dot
@@ -12,46 +25,47 @@
  * 8 -> 5
  * ```
  */
-async function buildComplexObjectGraph(api: ApiPromise, sender: IKeyringPair): Promise<number> {
-  const events = await executeTransaction(api, sender, api.tx.unique.createCollectionEx({mode: 'NFT', permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}}));
-  const {collectionId} = getCreateCollectionResult(events);
+async function buildComplexObjectGraph(helper: UniqueHelper, sender: IKeyringPair): Promise<UniqueNFTToken[]> {
+  const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(sender, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+  const tokens = await collection.mintMultipleTokens(sender, Array(8).fill({owner: {Substrate: sender.address}}));
 
-  await executeTransaction(api, sender, api.tx.unique.createMultipleItemsEx(collectionId, {NFT: Array(8).fill({owner: {Substrate: sender.address}})}));
-
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 8, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 5));
-
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 7, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 6));
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 6, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 5));
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 5, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 2));
+  await tokens[7].nest(sender, tokens[4]);
+  await tokens[6].nest(sender, tokens[5]);
+  await tokens[5].nest(sender, tokens[4]);
+  await tokens[4].nest(sender, tokens[1]);
+  await tokens[3].nest(sender, tokens[2]);
+  await tokens[2].nest(sender, tokens[1]);
+  await tokens[1].nest(sender, tokens[0]);
 
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 4, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 3));
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 3, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 2));
-  await transferExpectSuccess(collectionId, 2, sender, tokenIdToCross(collectionId, 1));
-
-  return collectionId;
+  return tokens;
 }
 
 describe('Graphs', () => {
-  it('Ouroboros can\'t be created in a complex graph', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      const alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      const collection = await buildComplexObjectGraph(api, alice);
-      const tokenTwoParent = tokenIdToCross(collection, 1);
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
 
-      // to self
-      await expect(
-        executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(tokenIdToCross(collection, 1), collection, 1, 1)),
-        'first transaction',  
-      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
-      // to nested part of graph
-      await expect(
-        executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(tokenIdToCross(collection, 5), collection, 1, 1)),
-        'second transaction',
-      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
-      await expect(
-        executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transferFrom(tokenTwoParent, tokenIdToCross(collection, 8), collection, 2, 1)),
-        'third transaction',
-      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
+  before(async () => {
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([10n], donor);
     });
   });
+
+  itSub('Ouroboros can\'t be created in a complex graph', async ({helper}) => {
+    const tokens = await buildComplexObjectGraph(helper, alice);
+
+    // to self
+    await expect(
+      tokens[0].nest(alice, tokens[0]),
+      'first transaction',  
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
+    // to nested part of graph
+    await expect(
+      tokens[0].nest(alice, tokens[4]),
+      'second transaction',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
+    await expect(
+      tokens[1].transferFrom(alice, tokens[0].nestingAddress(), tokens[7].nestingAddress()),
+      'third transaction',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.OuroborosDetected/);
+  });
 });

--- a/tests/src/nesting/migration-check.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/nesting/migration-check.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 import find from 'find-process';
 
 // todo un-skip for migrations
-describe.skip('Migration testing', () => {
+// todo:playgrounds skipped, this one is outdated. Probably to be deleted/replaced.
+describe.skip('Migration testing: Properties', () => {
   let alice: IKeyringPair;
 
   before(async() => {

--- a/tests/src/nesting/nest.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/nesting/nest.test.ts
@@ -1,840 +1,667 @@
-import {expect} from 'chai';
-import {tokenIdToAddress} from '../eth/util/helpers';
-import usingApi, {executeTransaction} from '../substrate/substrate-api';
-import {
-  addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess,
-  addToAllowListExpectSuccess,
-  createCollectionExpectSuccess,
-  createItemExpectSuccess,
-  enableAllowListExpectSuccess,
-  enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess,
-  getTokenChildren,
-  getTokenOwner,
-  getTopmostTokenOwner,
-  normalizeAccountId,
-  setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess,
-  transferExpectFailure,
-  transferExpectSuccess,
-  transferFromExpectSuccess,
-  setCollectionLimitsExpectSuccess,
-  requirePallets,
-  Pallets,
-} from '../util/helpers';
-import {IKeyringPair} from '@polkadot/types/types';
+// Copyright 2019-2022 Unique Network (Gibraltar) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Unique Network.
+
+// Unique Network is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
 
-let alice: IKeyringPair;
-let bob: IKeyringPair;
-let charlie: IKeyringPair;
+// Unique Network is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
 
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Unique Network. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import {IKeyringPair} from '@polkadot/types/types';
+import {expect, itSub, Pallets, usingPlaygrounds} from '../util/playgrounds';
+
 describe('Integration Test: Composite nesting tests', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (_, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  it('Performs the full suite: bundles a token, transfers, and unnests', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('Performs the full suite: bundles a token, transfers, and unnests', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    
+    // Create a token to be nested
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a token to be nested
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-
-      // Nest
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, alice, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Nest
+    await newToken.nest(alice, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Move bundle to different user
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, targetToken, alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Move bundle to different user
+    await targetToken.transfer(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Unnest
-      await transferFromExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, bob, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, {Substrate: bob.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
-    });
+    // Unnest
+    await newToken.unnest(bob, targetToken, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
   });
-
-  it('Transfers an already bundled token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
 
-      const tokenA = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const tokenB = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-
-      // Create a nested token
-      const tokenC = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, tokenA)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, tokenC)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, tokenC)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, tokenA).toLowerCase()});
+  itSub('Transfers an already bundled token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const tokenA = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    const tokenB = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Transfer the nested token to another token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        alice,
-        api.tx.unique.transferFrom(
-          normalizeAccountId({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, tokenA)}),
-          normalizeAccountId({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, tokenB)}),
-          collection,
-          tokenC,
-          1,
-        ),
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, tokenC)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, tokenC)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, tokenB).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create a nested token
+    const tokenC = await collection.mintToken(alice, tokenA.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await tokenC.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(tokenA.nestingAddress());
+    
+    // Transfer the nested token to another token
+    await expect(tokenC.transferFrom(alice, tokenA.nestingAddress(), tokenB.nestingAddress())).to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await tokenC.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
+    expect(await tokenC.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(tokenB.nestingAddress());
   });
 
-  it('Checks token children', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionA = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionLimitsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, {ownerCanTransfer: true});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const collectionB = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
+  itSub('Checks token children', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionB = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
+    expect((await targetToken.getChildren()).length).to.be.equal(0, 'Children length check at creation');
 
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken)};
-      let children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(0, 'Children length check at creation');
+    // Create a nested NFT token
+    const tokenA = await collectionA.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #1').and.be.length(1, 'Children length check at nesting #1');
 
-      // Create a nested NFT token
-      const tokenA = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, 'NFT', targetAddress);
-      children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(1, 'Children length check at nesting #1');
-      expect(children).to.have.deep.members([
-        {token: tokenA, collection: collectionA},
-      ], 'Children contents check at nesting #1');
+    // Create then nest
+    const tokenB = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
+    await tokenB.nest(alice, targetToken);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+      {tokenId: tokenB.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #2').and.be.length(2, 'Children length check at nesting #2');
 
-      // Create then nest
-      const tokenB = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, 'NFT');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionA, tokenB, alice, targetAddress);
-      children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(2, 'Children length check at nesting #2');
-      expect(children).to.have.deep.members([
-        {token: tokenA, collection: collectionA},
-        {token: tokenB, collection: collectionA},
-      ], 'Children contents check at nesting #2');
+    // Move token B to a different user outside the nesting tree
+    await tokenB.unnest(alice, targetToken, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #3 (unnesting)').and.be.length(1, 'Children length check at nesting #3 (unnesting)');
 
-      // Move token B to a different user outside the nesting tree
-      await transferFromExpectSuccess(collectionA, tokenB, alice, targetAddress, bob);
-      children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(1, 'Children length check at unnesting');
-      expect(children).to.be.have.deep.members([
-        {token: tokenA, collection: collectionA},
-      ], 'Children contents check at unnesting');
+    // Create a fungible token in another collection and then nest
+    await collectionB.mint(alice, 10n);
+    await collectionB.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+      {tokenId: 0, collectionId: collectionB.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #4 (from another collection)')
+      .and.be.length(2, 'Children length check at nesting #4 (from another collection)');
+    
+    // Move part of the fungible token inside token A deeper in the nesting tree
+    await collectionB.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), tokenA.nestingAddress(), 1n);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+      {tokenId: 0, collectionId: collectionB.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #5 (deeper)').and.be.length(2, 'Children length check at nesting #5 (deeper)');
+    expect(await tokenA.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: 0, collectionId: collectionB.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #5.5 (deeper)').and.be.length(1, 'Children length check at nesting #5.5 (deeper)');
 
-      // Create a fungible token in another collection and then nest
-      const tokenC = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionB, 'Fungible');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionB, tokenC, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'Fungible');
-      children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(2, 'Children length check at nesting #3 (from another collection)');
-      expect(children).to.be.have.deep.members([
-        {token: tokenA, collection: collectionA},
-        {token: tokenC, collection: collectionB},
-      ], 'Children contents check at nesting #3 (from another collection)');
-
-      // Move the fungible token inside token A deeper in the nesting tree
-      await transferFromExpectSuccess(collectionB, tokenC, alice, targetAddress, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, tokenA)}, 1, 'Fungible');
-      children = await getTokenChildren(api, collectionA, targetToken);
-      expect(children.length).to.be.equal(1, 'Children length check at deeper nesting');
-      expect(children).to.be.have.deep.members([
-        {token: tokenA, collection: collectionA},
-      ], 'Children contents check at deeper nesting');
-    });
+    // Move the remaining part of the fungible token inside token A deeper in the nesting tree
+    await collectionB.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), tokenA.nestingAddress(), 1n);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: tokenA.tokenId, collectionId: collectionA.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #6 (deeper)').and.be.length(1, 'Children length check at nesting #6 (deeper)');
+    expect(await tokenA.getChildren()).to.be.have.deep.members([
+      {tokenId: 0, collectionId: collectionB.collectionId},
+    ], 'Children contents check at nesting #6.5 (deeper)').and.be.length(1, 'Children length check at nesting #6.5 (deeper)');
   });
 });
 
-describe('Integration Test: Various token type nesting', async () => {
+describe('Integration Test: Various token type nesting', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+  let charlie: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (_, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
-      charlie = privateKeyWrapper('//Charlie');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob, charlie] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n, 10n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): allows an Admin to nest a token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', charlie.address);
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): allows an Admin to nest a token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}}});
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to be nested and nest
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, bob, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(bob);
+    await newToken.nest(bob, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): Admin and Token Owner can operate together', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, collectionAdmin: true}});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', charlie.address);
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): Admin and Token Owner can operate together', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}});
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      // Create a nested token by an administrator
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Create an immediately nested token by an administrator
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token and allow the owner to nest too
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', charlie.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, charlie, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, nestedToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, nestedToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await newToken.nest(charlie, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): allows an Admin to nest a token (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionA = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, bob.address);
-      const collectionB = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collectionB, bob.address);
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, restricted:[collectionA, collectionB]}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, 'NFT', charlie.address);
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): allows an Admin to nest a token (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    await collectionA.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    await collectionB.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collectionA.setPermissions(alice, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, restricted:[collectionB.collectionId]}});
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionB, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collectionB, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collectionB, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collectionB.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to be nested and nest
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionB, 'NFT');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionB, newToken, bob, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collectionB, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collectionB, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionB.mintToken(bob);
+    await newToken.nest(bob, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
   // ---------- Non-Fungible ----------
 
-  it('NFT: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('NFT: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(charlie);
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to be nested and nest
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, alice, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(charlie);
+    await newToken.nest(charlie, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
-  it('NFT: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collection]}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('NFT: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    //await collectionB.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    await collectionA.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionB.collectionId]}});
+    await collectionA.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionA.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+
+    await collectionB.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true});
+    await collectionB.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionB.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to be nested and nest
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, newToken, alice, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collectionB.mintToken(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
+
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionB.mintToken(charlie);
+    await newToken.nest(charlie, targetToken);
+    expect(await newToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: charlie.address});
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
   // ---------- Fungible ----------
 
-  it('Fungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT', {Substrate: alice.address});
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Fungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      ))).to.not.be.rejected;
+    await collectionFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true});
+    await collectionFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Nest a new token
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionFT, newToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'Fungible');
-    });
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    await collectionFT.mint(charlie, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
+
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    await collectionFT.mint(charlie, 5n);
+    await collectionFT.transfer(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(7n);
   });
 
-  it('Fungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT', {Substrate: alice.address});
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Fungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
+    await collectionNFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionFT.collectionId]}});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted: [collectionFT]}});
+    await collectionFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true});
+    await collectionFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      ))).to.not.be.rejected;
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    await collectionFT.mint(charlie, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
 
-      // Nest a new token
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionFT, newToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'Fungible');
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    await collectionFT.mint(charlie, 5n);
+    await collectionFT.transfer(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(7n);
   });
 
   // ---------- Re-Fungible ----------
 
-  it('ReFungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT', {Substrate: alice.address});
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
+    await collectionRFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true});
+    await collectionRFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionRFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      ))).to.not.be.rejected;
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(charlie, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
 
-      // Nest a new token
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionRFT, newToken, alice, targetAddress, 100, 'ReFungible');
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(charlie, 5n);
+    await newToken.transfer(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(2n);
   });
 
-  it('ReFungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: allows an Owner to nest/unnest their token (Restricted nesting)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT', {Substrate: alice.address});
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+    await collectionNFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionRFT.collectionId]}});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
+    await collectionRFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true});
+    await collectionRFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
+    await collectionRFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionRFT]}});
+    // Create an immediately nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(charlie, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    expect(await nestedToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      ))).to.not.be.rejected;
-
-      // Nest a new token
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionRFT, newToken, alice, targetAddress, 100, 'ReFungible');
-    });
+    // Create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(charlie, 5n);
+    await newToken.transfer(charlie, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(2n);
   });
 });
 
-describe('Negative Test: Nesting', async() => {
+describe('Negative Test: Nesting', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (_, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 50n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  it('Disallows excessive token nesting', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-
-      const maxNestingLevel = 5;
-      let prevToken = targetToken;
+  itSub('Disallows excessive token nesting', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    let token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a nested-token matryoshka
-      for (let i = 0; i < maxNestingLevel; i++) {
-        const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(
-          alice,
-          collection,
-          'NFT',
-          {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, prevToken)},
-        );
+    const maxNestingLevel = 5;
 
-        prevToken = nestedToken;
-      }
-
-      // The nesting depth is limited by `maxNestingLevel`
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, prevToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/^structure\.DepthLimit$/);
+    // Create a nested-token matryoshka
+    for (let i = 0; i < maxNestingLevel; i++) {
+      token = await collection.mintToken(alice, token.nestingAddress());
+    }
 
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, prevToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    // The nesting depth is limited by `maxNestingLevel`
+    await expect(collection.mintToken(alice, token.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/structure\.DepthLimit/);
+    expect(await token.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
+    expect(await token.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
   });
 
   // ---------- Admin ------------
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to operate nesting when only TokenOwner is allowed', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to operate nesting when only TokenOwner is allowed', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token as collection admin when it's disallowed
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, bob, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Try to create an immediately nested token as collection admin when it's disallowed
+    await expect(collection.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1),
-      ), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
-    });
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(bob);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(bob, targetToken))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): disallows a Token Owner to operate nesting when only Admin is allowed', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}});
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): disallows a Token Owner to operate nesting when only Admin is allowed', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+
+    // Try to create a nested token as token owner when it's disallowed
+    await expect(collection.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token as collection admin when it's disallowed
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, bob, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/); 
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(bob);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(bob, targetToken))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1),
-      ), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
-    });
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to nest and unnest someone else\'s token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionLimitsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {ownerCanTransfer: true});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}});
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to unnest someone else\'s token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {limits: {ownerCanTransfer: true}, permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {collectionAdmin: true}}});
+    //await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()};
+    // Try to nest somebody else's token
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(bob);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(alice, targetToken))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
 
-      // Try to nest somebody else's token
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.transferFrom(targetAddress, {Substrate: bob.address}, collection, newToken, 1),
-      ), 'while nesting another\'s token token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
+    // Try to unnest a token belonging to someone else as collection admin
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    await expect(nestedToken.unnest(alice, targetToken, {Substrate: bob.address}))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
 
-      // Nest a token as admin and try to unnest it, now belonging to someone else
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', targetAddress);
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.transferFrom(targetAddress, normalizeAccountId(alice), collection, nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while unnesting another\'s token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal(targetAddress);
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
-    });
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(1);
+    expect(await nestedToken.getTopmostOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: bob.address});
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
-  it('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to nest a token from an unlisted collection (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionA = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      const collectionB = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, restricted:[collectionA]}});
+  itSub('Admin (NFT): disallows an Admin to nest a token from an unlisted collection (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    await collectionA.setPermissions(alice, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, restricted: [collectionA.collectionId]}});
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionA, 'NFT');
+    // Try to create a nested token from another collection
+    await expect(collectionB.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionB, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionA, targetToken)}, collectionB, newToken, 1),
-      ), 'while nesting a foreign token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collectionB, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    // Create a token in another collection yet to be nested and try to nest
+    const newToken = await collectionB.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(alice, targetToken))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
   });
 
   // ---------- Non-Fungible ----------
 
-  it('NFT: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('NFT: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', async ({helper}) => {
+    // Collection is implicitly not allowed nesting at creation
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/^common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest$/);
+    // Try to create a nested token as token owner when it's disallowed
+    await expect(collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Create a token to be nested
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      // Try to nest
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-      expect(await getTopmostTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(alice, targetToken))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
   });
 
-  it('NFT: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+  itSub('NFT: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
+    await collection.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(bob, targetToken)).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
   });
 
-  it('NFT: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collection]}});
+  itSub('NFT: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collection);
+    await collection.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collection, 'NFT');
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true}});
+    await collectionB.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collectionB.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionB.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.nest(bob, targetToken)).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.AddressNotInAllowlist/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
   });
 
-  it('NFT: disallows to nest token in an unlisted collection', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[]}});
+  itSub('NFT: disallows to nest token in an unlisted collection', async ({helper}) => {
+    // Create collection with restricted nesting -- even self is not allowed
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted: []}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collection,
-        {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)},
-          {nft: {}} as any,
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)}, collection, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, newToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
-    });
+    // Try to mint in own collection after allowlisting the accounts
+    await expect(collection.mintToken(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
   });
 
   // ---------- Fungible ----------
-
-  it('Fungible: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
-
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
 
-      // Try to create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/^common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest$/);
+  itSub('Fungible: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a token to be nested
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      // Try to nest
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Try to create an immediately nested token
+    await expect(collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Create another token to be nested
-      const newToken2 = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      // Try to nest inside a fungible token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionFT, newToken)}, collectionFT, newToken2, 1)), 'while nesting new token inside fungible').to.be.rejectedWith(/fungible\.FungibleDisallowsNesting/);
-    });
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    await collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n);
+    await expect(collectionFT.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
 
-  it('Fungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+  itSub('Fungible: disallows a non-Owner to unnest someone else\'s token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
 
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
+    // Nest some tokens as Alice into Bob's token
+    await collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
-
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
-
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    // Try to pull it out
+    await expect(collectionFT.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: bob.address}, 1n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
 
-  it('Fungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
-
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Fungible: disallows a non-Owner to unnest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
 
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionFT]}});
+    await collectionNFT.setPermissions(alice, {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true, restricted: [collectionFT.collectionId]}});
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      )), 'while creating nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Nest some tokens as Alice into Bob's token
+    await collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    // Try to pull it out as Alice still
+    await expect(collectionFT.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: bob.address}, 1n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
 
-  it('Fungible: disallows to nest token in an unlisted collection', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[]}});
-
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Fungible: disallows to nest token in an unlisted collection', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true, restricted: []}}});
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
+    // Try to mint an immediately nested token
+    await expect(collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {Fungible: {Value: 10}},
-      )), 'while creating a nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Mint a token and try to nest it
+    await collectionFT.mint(alice, 5n);
+    await expect(collectionFT.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 1n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(0n);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
 
   // ---------- Re-Fungible ----------
-
-  it('ReFungible: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
-
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
-
-      // Create a nested token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      )), 'while creating a nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/^common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest$/);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: disallows to nest token if nesting is disabled', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a token to be nested
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      // Try to nest
-      await transferExpectFailure(collectionRFT, newToken, alice, targetAddress, 100);
-      // Try to nest
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionRFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Try to create an immediately nested token
+    await expect(collectionRFT.mintToken(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Create another token to be nested
-      const newToken2 = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      // Try to nest inside a fungible token
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionRFT, newToken)}, collectionRFT, newToken2, 1)), 'while nesting new token inside refungible').to.be.rejectedWith(/refungible\.RefungibleDisallowsNesting/);
-    });
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const token = await collectionRFT.mintToken(alice, 5n);
+    await expect(token.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    expect(await token.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
-
-  it('ReFungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
+    await collectionNFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.transfer(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.TokenValueTooLow/);
 
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(1n);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      )), 'while creating a nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Nest some tokens as Alice into Bob's token
+    await newToken.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionRFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    // Try to pull it out
+    await expect(newToken.transferFrom(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: alice.address}, 1n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(1n);
   });
 
-  it('ReFungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: disallows a non-Owner to nest someone else\'s token (Restricted nesting)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await addToAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, bob.address);
-      await enableAllowListExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
-      await enablePublicMintingExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT);
+    await collectionNFT.setPermissions(alice, {access: 'AllowList', mintMode: true, nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted: [collectionRFT.collectionId]}});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collectionNFT.addToAllowList(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(bob, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const newToken = await collectionRFT.mintToken(alice);
+    await expect(newToken.transfer(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.TokenValueTooLow/);
 
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[collectionRFT]}});
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(1n);
 
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      )), 'while creating a nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    // Nest some tokens as Alice into Bob's token
+    await newToken.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionRFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.UserIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    // Try to pull it out
+    await expect(newToken.transferFrom(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: alice.address}, 1n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await newToken.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(1n);
   });
 
-  it('ReFungible: disallows to nest token to an unlisted collection', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: disallows to nest token to an unlisted collection', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collectionNFT = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted: []}}});
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionNFT.mintToken(alice);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionNFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true, restricted:[]}});
+    // Try to create an immediately nested token
+    await expect(collectionRFT.mintToken(alice, 5n, targetToken.nestingAddress()))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
 
-      // Create a token to attempt to be nested into
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionNFT, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collectionNFT, targetToken)};
-
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
-
-      // Try to create a nested token in the wrong collection
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.createItem(
-        collectionRFT,
-        targetAddress,
-        {ReFungible: {pieces: 100}},
-      )), 'while creating a nested token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-
-      // Try to create and nest a token in the wrong collection
-      const newToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(api, alice, api.tx.unique.transfer(targetAddress, collectionRFT, newToken, 1)), 'while nesting new token').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
-    });
+    // Try to create a token to be nested and nest
+    const token = await collectionRFT.mintToken(alice, 5n);
+    await expect(token.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 2n))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.SourceCollectionIsNotAllowedToNest/);
+    expect(await token.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(5n);
   });
 });

--- a/tests/src/nesting/properties.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/nesting/properties.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
-import {expect} from 'chai';
-import usingApi, {executeTransaction} from '../substrate/substrate-api';
+// Copyright 2019-2022 Unique Network (Gibraltar) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Unique Network.
+
+// Unique Network is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Unique Network is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Unique Network. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/*import usingApi, {executeTransaction} from '../substrate/substrate-api';
 import {
   addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess,
   CollectionMode,
@@ -8,997 +23,776 @@
   createItemExpectSuccess,
   getCreateCollectionResult,
   transferExpectSuccess,
-  requirePallets,
-  Pallets,
-} from '../util/helpers';
+} from '../util/helpers';*/
 import {IKeyringPair} from '@polkadot/types/types';
-import {tokenIdToAddress} from '../eth/util/helpers';
+import {itSub, Pallets, requirePalletsOrSkip, usingPlaygrounds, expect} from '../util/playgrounds';
+import {UniqueCollectionBase, UniqueHelper, UniqueNFTCollection, UniqueNFTToken, UniqueRFTCollection, UniqueRFTToken} from '../util/playgrounds/unique';
 
-let alice: IKeyringPair;
-let bob: IKeyringPair;
-let charlie: IKeyringPair;
+// ---------- COLLECTION PROPERTIES
+
+describe('Integration Test: Collection Properties', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
 
-describe('Composite Properties Test', () => {
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  async function testMakeSureSuppliesRequired(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collectionId = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
+  itSub('Properties are initially empty', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    expect(await collection.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
+  });
 
-      const collectionOption = await api.rpc.unique.collectionById(collectionId);
-      expect(collectionOption.isSome).to.be.true;
-      let collection = collectionOption.unwrap();
-      expect(collection.tokenPropertyPermissions.toHuman()).to.be.empty;
-      expect(collection.properties.toHuman()).to.be.empty;
+  async function testSetsPropertiesForCollection(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    // As owner
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      const propertyPermissions = [
-        {key: 'mindgame', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}},
-        {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {collectionAdmin: false, mutable: true, tokenOwner: false}},
-      ];
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collectionId, propertyPermissions), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
 
-      const collectionProperties = [
-        {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'},
-        {key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, 
-      ];
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, collectionProperties), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
+    // As administrator
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(bob, [{key: 'black_hole'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      collection = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionById(collectionId)).unwrap();
-      expect(collection.tokenPropertyPermissions.toHuman()).to.be.deep.equal(propertyPermissions);
-      expect(collection.properties.toHuman()).to.be.deep.equal(collectionProperties);
-    });
+    const properties = await collection.getProperties();
+    expect(properties).to.include.deep.members([
+      {key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'},
+      {key: 'black_hole', value: ''},
+    ]);
   }
 
-  it('Makes sure collectionById supplies required fields for NFT', async () => {
-    await testMakeSureSuppliesRequired({type: 'NFT'});
+  itSub('Sets properties for a NFT collection', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testSetsPropertiesForCollection(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  it('Makes sure collectionById supplies required fields for ReFungible', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
-
-    await testMakeSureSuppliesRequired({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Sets properties for a ReFungible collection', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testSetsPropertiesForCollection(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-});
 
-// ---------- COLLECTION PROPERTIES
+  async function testCheckValidNames(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    // alpha symbols
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'answer'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-describe('Integration Test: Collection Properties', () => {
-  before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
-    });
-  });
+    // numeric symbols
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: '451'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-  it('Reads properties from a collection', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess();
-      const properties = (await api.query.common.collectionProperties(collection)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.map).to.be.empty;
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.equal(0);
-    });
-  });
+    // underscore symbol
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'black_hole'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
+    // dash symbol
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: '-'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-  async function testSetsPropertiesForCollection(mode: string) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const events = await executeTransaction(api, bob, api.tx.unique.createCollectionEx({mode: mode}));
-      const {collectionId} = getCreateCollectionResult(events);
+    // dot symbol
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'once.in.a.long.long.while...', value: 'you get a little lost'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      // As owner
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
+    const properties = await collection.getProperties();
+    expect(properties).to.include.deep.members([
+      {key: 'answer', value: ''},
+      {key: '451', value: ''},
+      {key: 'black_hole', value: ''},
+      {key: '-', value: ''},
+      {key: 'once.in.a.long.long.while...', value: 'you get a little lost'},
+    ]);
+  }
 
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(bob, collectionId, alice.address);
-
-      // As administrator
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'black_hole'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collectionId, ['electron', 'black_hole'])).toHuman();
-      expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'},
-        {key: 'black_hole', value: ''},
-      ]);
-    });
-  }
-  it('Sets properties for a NFT collection', async () => {
-    await testSetsPropertiesForCollection('NFT');
+  itSub('Check valid names for NFT collection properties keys', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testCheckValidNames(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Sets properties for a ReFungible collection', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testSetsPropertiesForCollection('ReFungible');
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Check valid names for ReFungible collection properties keys', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testCheckValidNames(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  async function testCheckValidNames(mode: string) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const events = await executeTransaction(api, bob, api.tx.unique.createCollectionEx({mode: mode}));
-      const {collectionId} = getCreateCollectionResult(events);
-  
-      // alpha symbols
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'alpha'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      // numeric symbols
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: '123'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      // underscore symbol
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'black_hole'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      // dash symbol
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'semi-automatic'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      // underscore symbol
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collectionId, [{key: 'build.rs'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const propertyKeys = ['alpha', '123', 'black_hole', 'semi-automatic', 'build.rs'];
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collectionId, propertyKeys)).toHuman();
-      expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'alpha', value: ''},
-        {key: '123', value: ''},
-        {key: 'black_hole', value: ''},
-        {key: 'semi-automatic', value: ''},
-        {key: 'build.rs', value: ''},
-      ]);
-    });
+  async function testChangesProperties(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: ''}])).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    // Mutate the properties
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    const properties = await collection.getProperties();
+    expect(properties).to.include.deep.members([
+      {key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'},
+      {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Check valid names for NFT collection properties keys', async () => {
-    await testCheckValidNames('NFT');
+
+  itSub('Changes properties of a NFT collection', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testChangesProperties(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Check valid names for ReFungible collection properties keys', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testCheckValidNames('ReFungible');
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Changes properties of a ReFungible collection', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testChangesProperties(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  async function testChangesProperties(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      // Mutate the properties
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'electron', value: 'bonded'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collection, ['electron', 'black_hole'])).toHuman();
-      expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'electron', value: 'bonded'},
-        {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'},
-      ]);
-    });
-  }
-  it('Changes properties of a NFT collection', async () => {
-    await testChangesProperties({type: 'NFT'});
-  });
-  it('Changes properties of a ReFungible collection', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  async function testDeleteProperties(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-    await testChangesProperties({type: 'ReFungible'});
-  });
+    await expect(collection.deleteProperties(alice, ['electron'])).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-  async function testDeleteProperties(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.deleteCollectionProperties(collection, ['electron']), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collection, ['electron', 'black_hole'])).toHuman();
-      expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'},
-      ]);
-    });  
+    const properties = await collection.getProperties(['black_hole', 'electron']);
+    expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
+      {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Deletes properties of a NFT collection', async () => {
-    await testDeleteProperties({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Deletes properties of a NFT collection', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testDeleteProperties(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Deletes properties of a ReFungible collection', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testDeleteProperties({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Deletes properties of a ReFungible collection', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testDeleteProperties(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 });
 
 describe('Negative Integration Test: Collection Properties', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
   
-  async function testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-  
-      const properties = (await api.query.common.collectionProperties(collection)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.map).to.be.empty;
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.equal(0);
-    });  
+  async function testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {  
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(bob, [{key: 'electron', value: 'come bond'}, {key: 'black_hole', value: 'LIGO'}]))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+    expect(await collection.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Fails to set properties in a NFT collection if not its onwer/administrator', async () => {
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Fails to set properties in a NFT collection if not its onwer/administrator', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Fails to set properties in a ReFungible collection if not its onwer/administrator', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Fails to set properties in a ReFungible collection if not its onwer/administrator', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesIfNotOwnerOrAdmin(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
   
-  async function testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-      const spaceLimit = (await api.query.common.collectionProperties(collection)).toJSON().spaceLimit as number; 
+  async function testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    const spaceLimit = (await (collection.helper!.api! as any).query.common.collectionProperties(collection.collectionId)).spaceLimit.toNumber();
   
-      // Mute the general tx parsing error, too many bytes to process
-      {
-        console.error = () => {};
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'electron', value: 'low high '.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 9))}]), 
-        )).to.be.rejected;
-      }
-  
-      let properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collection, ['electron'])).toJSON();
-      expect(properties).to.be.empty;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [
-          {key: 'electron', value: 'low high '.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 18))}, 
-          {key: 'black_hole', value: '0'.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 2))}, 
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoSpaceForProperty/);
-  
-      properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collection, ['electron', 'black hole'])).toJSON();
-      expect(properties).to.be.empty;
-    });  
+    // Mute the general tx parsing error, too many bytes to process
+    {
+      console.error = () => {};
+      await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [
+        {key: 'electron', value: 'low high '.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 9))},
+      ])).to.be.rejected;
+    }
+
+    expect(await collection.getProperties(['electron'])).to.be.empty;
+
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'electron', value: 'low high '.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 18))}, 
+      {key: 'black_hole', value: '0'.repeat(Math.ceil(spaceLimit! / 2))}, 
+    ])).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoSpaceForProperty/);
+
+    expect(await collection.getProperties(['electron', 'black_hole'])).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Fails to set properties that exceed the limits (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Fails to set properties that exceed the limits (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Fails to set properties that exceed the limits (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Fails to set properties that exceed the limits (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesThatExeedLimits(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
   
-  async function testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      const propertiesToBeSet = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) {
-        propertiesToBeSet.push({
-          key: 'electron_' + i,
-          value: Math.random() > 0.5 ? 'high' : 'low',
-        });
-      }
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, propertiesToBeSet), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.PropertyLimitReached/);
-  
-      const properties = (await api.query.common.collectionProperties(collection)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.map).to.be.empty;
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.equal(0);
-    });  
+  async function testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    const propertiesToBeSet = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) {
+      propertiesToBeSet.push({
+        key: 'electron_' + i,
+        value: Math.random() > 0.5 ? 'high' : 'low',
+      });
+    }
+
+    await expect(collection.setProperties(alice, propertiesToBeSet)).
+      to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.PropertyLimitReached/);
+
+    expect(await collection.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Fails to set more properties than it is allowed (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Fails to set more properties than it is allowed (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Fails to set more properties than it is allowed (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Fails to set more properties than it is allowed (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testFailsSetMorePropertiesThanAllowed(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
   
-  async function testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      const invalidProperties = [
-        [{key: 'electron', value: 'negative'}, {key: 'string theory', value: 'understandable'}],
-        [{key: 'Mr/Sandman', value: 'Bring me a gene'}],
-        [{key: 'déjà vu', value: 'hmm...'}],
-      ];
-  
-      for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, invalidProperties[i]), 
-        ), `on rejecting the new badly-named property #${i}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
-      }
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: '', value: 'nothing must not exist'}]), 
-      ), 'on rejecting an unnamed property').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.EmptyPropertyKey/);
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [
-          {key: 'CRISPR-Cas9', value: 'rewriting nature!'},
-        ]), 
-      ), 'on setting the correctly-but-still-badly-named property').to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const keys = invalidProperties.flatMap(propertySet => propertySet.map(property => property.key)).concat('CRISPR-Cas9').concat('');
-  
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties(collection, keys)).toHuman();
-      expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'CRISPR-Cas9', value: 'rewriting nature!'},
-      ]);
-  
-      for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.deleteCollectionProperties(collection, invalidProperties[i].map(propertySet => propertySet.key)), 
-        ), `on trying to delete the non-existent badly-named property #${i}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
-      }
-    });
+  async function testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames(collection: UniqueCollectionBase) {
+    const invalidProperties = [
+      [{key: 'electron', value: 'negative'}, {key: 'string theory', value: 'understandable'}],
+      [{key: 'Mr/Sandman', value: 'Bring me a gene'}],
+      [{key: 'déjà vu', value: 'hmm...'}],
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
+      await expect(
+        collection.setProperties(alice, invalidProperties[i]), 
+        `on rejecting the new badly-named property #${i}`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
+    }
+
+    await expect(
+      collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: '', value: 'nothing must not exist'}]), 
+      'on rejecting an unnamed property',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.EmptyPropertyKey/);
+
+    await expect(
+      collection.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'CRISPR-Cas9', value: 'rewriting nature!'}]), 
+      'on setting the correctly-but-still-badly-named property',
+    ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    const keys = invalidProperties.flatMap(propertySet => propertySet.map(property => property.key)).concat('CRISPR-Cas9').concat('');
+
+    const properties = await collection.getProperties(keys);
+    expect(properties).to.be.deep.equal([
+      {key: 'CRISPR-Cas9', value: 'rewriting nature!'},
+    ]);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
+      await expect(
+        collection.deleteProperties(alice, invalidProperties[i].map(propertySet => propertySet.key)), 
+        `on trying to delete the non-existent badly-named property #${i}`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
+    }
   }
-  it('Fails to set properties with invalid names (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Fails to set properties with invalid names (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Fails to set properties with invalid names (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Fails to set properties with invalid names (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testFailsSetPropertiesWithInvalidNames(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 });
 
 // ---------- ACCESS RIGHTS
 
 describe('Integration Test: Access Rights to Token Properties', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
   
-  it('Reads access rights to properties of a collection', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess();
-      const propertyRights = (await api.query.common.collectionPropertyPermissions(collection)).toJSON();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
-    });
+  itSub('Reads access rights to properties of a collection', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const propertyRights = (await helper.api!.query.common.collectionPropertyPermissions(collection.collectionId)).toJSON();
+    expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
   });
   
-  async function testSetsAccessRightsToProperties(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'mindgame', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: false}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions(collection, ['skullduggery', 'mindgame'])).toHuman();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {'mutable': true, 'collectionAdmin': false, 'tokenOwner': false}},
-        {key: 'mindgame', permission: {'mutable': false, 'collectionAdmin': true, 'tokenOwner': false}},
-      ]);
-    });  
+  async function testSetsAccessRightsToProperties(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {  
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(bob, [{key: 'mindgame', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: false}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions(['skullduggery', 'mindgame']);
+    expect(propertyRights).to.include.deep.members([
+      {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: false, tokenOwner: false}},
+      {key: 'mindgame', permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: false}},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Sets access rights to properties of a collection (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testSetsAccessRightsToProperties({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Sets access rights to properties of a collection (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testSetsAccessRightsToProperties(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Sets access rights to properties of a collection (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testSetsAccessRightsToProperties({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Sets access rights to properties of a collection (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testSetsAccessRightsToProperties(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
   
-  async function testChangesAccessRightsToProperty(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions(collection, ['skullduggery'])).toHuman();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {'mutable': false, 'collectionAdmin': false, 'tokenOwner': true}},
-      ]);
-    });
+  async function testChangesAccessRightsToProperty(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions();
+    expect(propertyRights).to.be.deep.equal([
+      {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {'mutable': false, 'collectionAdmin': false, 'tokenOwner': true}},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Changes access rights to properties of a NFT collection', async () => {
-    await testChangesAccessRightsToProperty({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Changes access rights to properties of a NFT collection', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testChangesAccessRightsToProperty(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Changes access rights to properties of a ReFungible collection', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testChangesAccessRightsToProperty({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Changes access rights to properties of a ReFungible collection', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testChangesAccessRightsToProperty(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 });
 
 describe('Negative Integration Test: Access Rights to Token Properties', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  async function testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        bob, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true, tokenOwner: true}}]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions(collection, ['skullduggery'])).toJSON();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
-    });
+  async function testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(bob, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: true, tokenOwner: true}}]))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions(['skullduggery']);
+    expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Prevents from setting access rights to properties of a NFT collection if not an onwer/admin', async () => {
-    await testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Prevents from setting access rights to properties of a NFT collection if not an onwer/admin', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Prevents from setting access rights to properties of a ReFungible collection if not an onwer/admin', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Prevents from setting access rights to properties of a ReFungible collection if not an onwer/admin', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testPreventsFromSettingAccessRightsNotAdminOrOwner(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  async function testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      const constitution = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) {
-        constitution.push({
-          key: 'property_' + i,
-          permission: Math.random() > 0.5 ? {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true} : {},
-        });
-      }
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, constitution), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.PropertyLimitReached/);
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.query.common.collectionPropertyPermissions(collection)).toJSON();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
-    });  
+  async function testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {  
+    const constitution = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 65; i++) {
+      constitution.push({
+        key: 'property_' + i,
+        permission: Math.random() > 0.5 ? {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true} : {},
+      });
+    }
+
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, constitution))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.PropertyLimitReached/);
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions();
+    expect(propertyRights).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Prevents from adding too many possible properties (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Prevents from adding too many possible properties (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Prevents from adding too many possible properties (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Prevents from adding too many possible properties (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testPreventFromAddingTooManyPossibleProperties(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  async function testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {}}]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions(collection, ['skullduggery'])).toHuman();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.deep.equal([
-        {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {'mutable': false, 'collectionAdmin': false, 'tokenOwner': true}},
-      ]);
-    });  
+  async function testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await expect(collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {collectionAdmin: true}}]))
+      .to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions(['skullduggery']);
+    expect(propertyRights).to.deep.equal([
+      {key: 'skullduggery', permission: {'mutable': false, 'collectionAdmin': false, 'tokenOwner': true}},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Prevents access rights to be modified if constant (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Prevents access rights to be modified if constant (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Prevents access rights to be modified if constant (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Prevents access rights to be modified if constant (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testPreventAccessRightsModifiedIfConstant(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 
-  async function testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-  
-      const invalidProperties = [
-        [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {tokenOwner: true}}, {key: 'im possible', permission: {collectionAdmin: true}}],
-        [{key: 'G#4', permission: {tokenOwner: true}}],
-        [{key: 'HÆMILTON', permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}],
-      ];
-  
-      for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, invalidProperties[i]), 
-        ), `on setting the new badly-named property #${i}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
-      }
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: '', permission: {}}]), 
-      ), 'on rejecting an unnamed property').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.EmptyPropertyKey/);
-  
-      const correctKey = '--0x03116e387820CA05'; // PolkadotJS would parse this as an already encoded hex-string
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [
-          {key: correctKey, permission: {collectionAdmin: true}},
-        ]), 
-      ), 'on setting the correctly-but-still-badly-named property').to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      const keys = invalidProperties.flatMap(propertySet => propertySet.map(property => property.key)).concat(correctKey).concat('');
-  
-      const propertyRights = (await api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions(collection, keys)).toHuman();
-      expect(propertyRights).to.be.deep.equal([
-        {key: correctKey, permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: false}},
-      ]);
-    });
+  async function testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames(collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection) {
+    const invalidProperties = [
+      [{key: 'skullduggery', permission: {tokenOwner: true}}, {key: 'im possible', permission: {collectionAdmin: true}}],
+      [{key: 'G#4', permission: {tokenOwner: true}}],
+      [{key: 'HÆMILTON', permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}],
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < invalidProperties.length; i++) {
+      await expect(
+        collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, invalidProperties[i]), 
+        `on setting the new badly-named property #${i}`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.InvalidCharacterInPropertyKey/);
+    }
+
+    await expect(
+      collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: '', permission: {}}]), 
+      'on rejecting an unnamed property',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.EmptyPropertyKey/);
+
+    const correctKey = '--0x03116e387820CA05'; // PolkadotJS would parse this as an already encoded hex-string
+    await expect(
+      collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [
+        {key: correctKey, permission: {collectionAdmin: true}},
+      ]), 
+      'on setting the correctly-but-still-badly-named property',
+    ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    const keys = invalidProperties.flatMap(propertySet => propertySet.map(property => property.key)).concat(correctKey).concat('');
+
+    const propertyRights = await collection.getPropertyPermissions(keys);
+    expect(propertyRights).to.be.deep.equal([
+      {key: correctKey, permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: false}},
+    ]);
   }
-  it('Prevents adding properties with invalid names (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames({type: 'NFT'});
+
+  itSub('Prevents adding properties with invalid names (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    await testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames(await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
-  it('Prevents adding properties with invalid names (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Prevents adding properties with invalid names (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    await testPreventsAddingPropertiesWithInvalidNames(await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice));
   });
 });
 
 // ---------- TOKEN PROPERTIES
 
 describe('Integration Test: Token Properties', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair; // collection owner
+  let bob: IKeyringPair; // collection admin
+  let charlie: IKeyringPair; // token owner
+
   let permissions: {permission: any, signers: IKeyringPair[]}[];
 
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice'); // collection owner
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob'); // collection admin
-      charlie = privateKeyWrapper('//Charlie'); // token owner
-
-      permissions = [
-        {permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob]},
-        {permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob]},
-        {permission: {mutable: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [charlie]},
-        {permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [charlie]},
-        {permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [alice, bob, charlie]},
-        {permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [alice, bob, charlie]},
-      ];
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob, charlie] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 100n, 100n], donor);
     });
+
+    // todo:playgrounds probably separate these tests later
+    permissions = [
+      {permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob]},
+      {permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob]},
+      {permission: {mutable: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [charlie]},
+      {permission: {mutable: false, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [charlie]},
+      {permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [alice, bob, charlie]},
+      {permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}, signers: [alice, bob, charlie]},
+    ];
   });
-  
-  async function testReadsYetEmptyProperties(mode: CollectionMode) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, mode.type);
   
-      const properties = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.map).to.be.empty;
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.be.equal(0);
-  
-      const tokenData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, token, ['anything'])).toJSON().properties;
-      expect(tokenData).to.be.empty;
-    });
+  async function testReadsYetEmptyProperties(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken) {
+    const properties = await token.getProperties();
+    expect(properties).to.be.empty;
+
+    const tokenData = await token.getData();
+    expect(tokenData!.properties).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Reads yet empty properties of a token (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testReadsYetEmptyProperties({type: 'NFT'});
-  });
-  it('Reads yet empty properties of a token (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testReadsYetEmptyProperties({type: 'ReFungible'});
+  itSub('Reads yet empty properties of a token (NFT)', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testReadsYetEmptyProperties(token);
   });
 
-  async function testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, mode.type);
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, pieces, mode.type);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Reads yet empty properties of a token (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testReadsYetEmptyProperties(token);
+  });
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
+  async function testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    await token.collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, pieces);
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
+        await expect(
+          token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          token.setProperties(signer, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
+    }
 
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toHuman() as any[];
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toHuman().properties as any[];
-      for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
-        expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
-        expect(tokensData[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
-      }
-    });
+    const properties = await token.getProperties(propertyKeys);
+    const tokenData = await token.getData();
+    for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
+      expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
+      expect(tokenData!.properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
+    }
   }
-  it('Assigns properties to a token according to permissions (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Assigns properties to a token according to permissions (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Assigns properties to a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Assigns properties to a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testAssignPropertiesAccordingToPermissions(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  async function testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, mode.type);
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, pieces, mode.type);
+  async function testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    await token.collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, pieces);
+
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
+      
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
+
+        await expect(
+          token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+        await expect(
+          token.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
-        
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin stable'}]), 
-          ), `on changing property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
-  
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          token.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin stable'}]), 
+          `on changing property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
-  
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toHuman() as any[];
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toHuman().properties as any[];
-      for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
-        expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
-        expect(tokensData[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
-      }
-    });
+    }
+
+    const properties = await token.getProperties(propertyKeys);
+    const tokenData = await token.getData();
+    for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
+      expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
+      expect(tokenData!.properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
+    }
   }
-  it('Changes properties of a token according to permissions (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Changes properties of a token according to permissions (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Changes properties of a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Changes properties of a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testChangesPropertiesAccordingPermission(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  async function testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, mode.type);
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, pieces, mode.type);
+  async function testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    await token.collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, pieces);
+
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
+      
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
+
+        await expect(
+          token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
-  
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
-        
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.deleteTokenProperties(collection, token, [key]), 
-          ), `on deleting property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
-        
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          token.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+        await expect(
+          token.deleteProperties(signer, [key]), 
+          `on deleting property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
-  
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toJSON() as any[];
-      expect(properties).to.be.empty;
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, token, propertyKeys)).toJSON().properties as any[];
-      expect(tokensData).to.be.empty;
-      expect((await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON().consumedSpace).to.be.equal(0);
-    });
+    }
+
+    expect(await token.getProperties(propertyKeys)).to.be.empty;
+    expect((await token.getData())!.properties).to.be.empty;
   }
-  it('Deletes properties of a token according to permissions (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+  
+  itSub('Deletes properties of a token according to permissions (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Deletes properties of a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Deletes properties of a token according to permissions (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testDeletePropertiesAccordingPermission(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  it('Assigns properties to a nested token according to permissions', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, token)});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie);
+  itSub('Assigns properties to a nested token according to permissions', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
+    const nestedToken = await collectionB.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
+    await collectionB.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await targetToken.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
+        
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
-
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
 
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toHuman() as any[];
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toHuman().properties as any[];
-      for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
-        expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
-        expect(tokensData[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
-      }
-    });
+    }
+
+    const properties = await nestedToken.getProperties(propertyKeys);
+    const tokenData = await nestedToken.getData();
+    for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
+      expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
+      expect(tokenData!.properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin increase');
+    }
+    expect(await targetToken.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
   });
 
-  it('Changes properties of a nested token according to permissions', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, token)});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie);
+  itSub('Changes properties of a nested token according to permissions', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
+    const nestedToken = await collectionB.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
-        
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
+    await collectionB.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await targetToken.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
+      
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin stable'}]), 
-          ), `on changing property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin stable'}]), 
+          `on changing property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
+    }
 
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toHuman() as any[];
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toHuman().properties as any[];
-      for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
-        expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
-        expect(tokensData[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
-      }
-    });
+    const properties = await nestedToken.getProperties(propertyKeys);
+    const tokenData = await nestedToken.getData();
+    for (let i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
+      expect(properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
+      expect(tokenData!.properties[i].value).to.be.equal('Serotonin stable');
+    }
+    expect(await targetToken.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
   });
 
-  it('Deletes properties of a nested token according to permissions', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, token)});
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie);
+  itSub('Deletes properties of a nested token according to permissions', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collectionA = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const collectionB = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const targetToken = await collectionA.mintToken(alice);
+    const nestedToken = await collectionB.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
-      let i = 0;
+    await collectionB.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await targetToken.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address});
 
-      for (const permission of permissions) {
-        if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
-        
-        for (const signer of permission.signers) {
-          const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
-          propertyKeys.push(key);
+    const propertyKeys: string[] = [];
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of permissions) {
+      i++;
+      if (!permission.permission.mutable) continue;
+      
+      let j = 0;
+      for (const signer of permission.signers) {
+        j++;
+        const key = i + '_' + signer.address;
+        propertyKeys.push(key);
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            alice, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
-          ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: key, permission: permission.permission}]), 
+          `on setting permission #${i} by alice`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, [{key: key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-          ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.setProperties(signer, [{key, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+          `on adding property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
 
-          await expect(executeTransaction(
-            api, 
-            signer, 
-            api.tx.unique.deleteTokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, [key]), 
-          ), `on deleting property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-        }
-        
-        i++;
+        await expect(
+          nestedToken.deleteProperties(signer, [key]), 
+          `on deleting property #${i} by signer #${j}`,
+        ).to.be.fulfilled;
       }
+    }
 
-      const properties = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toJSON() as any[];
-      expect(properties).to.be.empty;
-      const tokensData = (await api.rpc.unique.tokenData(collection, nestedToken, propertyKeys)).toJSON().properties as any[];
-      expect(tokensData).to.be.empty;
-      expect((await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, nestedToken)).toJSON().consumedSpace).to.be.equal(0);
-    });
+    expect(await nestedToken.getProperties(propertyKeys)).to.be.empty;
+    expect((await nestedToken.getData())!.properties).to.be.empty;
+    expect(await targetToken.getProperties()).to.be.empty;
   });
 });
 
 describe('Negative Integration Test: Token Properties', () => {
-  let collection: number;
-  let token: number;
-  let originalSpace: number;
+  let alice: IKeyringPair; // collection owner
+  let bob: IKeyringPair; // collection admin
+  let charlie: IKeyringPair; // token owner
+
   let constitution: {permission: any, signers: IKeyringPair[], sinner: IKeyringPair}[];
 
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
-      charlie = privateKeyWrapper('//Charlie');
-      const dave = privateKeyWrapper('//Dave');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      let dave: IKeyringPair;
+      [alice, bob, charlie, dave] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 100n, 100n, 100n], donor);
 
+      // todo:playgrounds probably separate these tests later
       constitution = [
         {permission: {mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob], sinner: charlie},
         {permission: {mutable: false, collectionAdmin: true}, signers: [alice, bob], sinner: charlie},
@@ -1010,278 +804,255 @@
     });
   });
 
-  async function prepare(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: mode});
-    token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, mode.type);
-    await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
-    await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, pieces, mode.type);
-        
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      let i = 0;
-      for (const passage of constitution) {
-        const signer = passage.signers[0];
-        
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: `${i}`, permission: passage.permission}]), 
-        ), `on setting permission ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          signer, 
-          api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
-        ), `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-        i++;
-      }
-  
-      originalSpace = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON().consumedSpace as number;
-    }); 
+  async function getConsumedSpace(api: any, collectionId: number, tokenId: number, mode: 'NFT' | 'RFT'): Promise<number> {
+    return (await (mode == 'NFT' ? api.query.nonfungible : api.query.refungible).tokenProperties(collectionId, tokenId)).toJSON().consumedSpace;
+  }
+
+  async function prepare(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint): Promise<number> {
+    await token.collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, pieces);
+
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const passage of constitution) {
+      i++;
+      const signer = passage.signers[0];
+      
+      await expect(
+        token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: `${i}`, permission: passage.permission}]), 
+        `on setting permission ${i} by alice`,
+      ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+      await expect(
+        token.setProperties(signer, [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin increase'}]), 
+        `on adding property ${i} by ${signer.address}`,
+      ).to.be.fulfilled;
+    }
+
+    const originalSpace = await getConsumedSpace(token.collection.helper.api, token.collectionId, token.tokenId, pieces == 1n ? 'NFT' : 'RFT'); 
+    return originalSpace;
   }
 
-  async function testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await prepare(mode, pieces);
-  
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      let i = -1;
-      for (const forbiddance of constitution) {
-        i++;
-        if (!forbiddance.permission.mutable) continue;
-  
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          forbiddance.sinner, 
-          api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin down'}]), 
-        ), `on failing to change property ${i} by ${forbiddance.sinner.address}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-  
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          forbiddance.sinner, 
-          api.tx.unique.deleteTokenProperties(collection, token, [`${i}`]), 
-        ), `on failing to delete property ${i} by ${forbiddance.sinner.address}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-      }
-  
-      const properties = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
-    });
+  async function testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    const originalSpace = await prepare(token, pieces);
+
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const forbiddance of constitution) {
+      i++;
+      if (!forbiddance.permission.mutable) continue;
+
+      await expect(
+        token.setProperties(forbiddance.sinner, [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin down'}]), 
+        `on failing to change property ${i} by the malefactor`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+      await expect(
+        token.deleteProperties(forbiddance.sinner, [`${i}`]), 
+        `on failing to delete property ${i} by the malefactor`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+    }
+
+    const consumedSpace = await getConsumedSpace(token.collection.helper.api, token.collectionId, token.tokenId, pieces == 1n ? 'NFT' : 'RFT'); 
+    expect(consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
   }
-  it('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the user is outside of permissions (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the user is outside of permissions (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the user is outside of permissions (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the user is outside of permissions (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesUserOutsideOfPermissions(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  async function testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await prepare(mode, pieces);
-    
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      let i = -1;
-      for (const permission of constitution) {
-        i++;
-        if (permission.permission.mutable) continue;
-  
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          permission.signers[0], 
-          api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin down'}]), 
-        ), `on failing to change property ${i} by ${permission.signers[0].address}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+  async function testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    const originalSpace = await prepare(token, pieces);
+
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const permission of constitution) {
+      i++;
+      if (permission.permission.mutable) continue;
+
+      await expect(
+        token.setProperties(permission.signers[0], [{key: `${i}`, value: 'Serotonin down'}]), 
+        `on failing to change property ${i} by signer #0`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+      await expect(
+        token.deleteProperties(permission.signers[0], [i.toString()]), 
+        `on failing to delete property ${i} by signer #0`,
+      ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+    }
   
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          permission.signers[0], 
-          api.tx.unique.deleteTokenProperties(collection, token, [i.toString()]), 
-        ), `on failing to delete property ${i} by ${permission.signers[0].address}`).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-      }
-  
-      const properties = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
-    });  
+    const consumedSpace = await getConsumedSpace(token.collection.helper.api, token.collectionId, token.tokenId, pieces == 1n ? 'NFT' : 'RFT'); 
+    expect(consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
   }
-  it('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the property is permanent (immutable) (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the property is permanent (immutable) (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the property is permanent (immutable) (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Forbids changing/deleting properties of a token if the property is permanent (immutable) (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testForbidsChangingDeletingPropertiesIfPropertyImmutable(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  async function testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await prepare(mode, pieces);
+  async function testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    const originalSpace = await prepare(token, pieces);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: 'non-existent', value: 'I exist!'}]), 
-      ), 'on failing to add a previously non-existent property').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-        
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'now-existent', permission: {}}]), 
-      ), 'on setting a new non-permitted property').to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [{key: 'now-existent', value: 'I exist!'}]), 
-      ), 'on failing to add a property forbidden by the \'None\' permission').to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-  
-      expect((await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, token, ['non-existent', 'now-existent'])).toJSON()).to.be.empty;
-      const properties = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON();
-      expect(properties.consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
-    });
+    await expect(
+      token.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'non-existent', value: 'I exist!'}]), 
+      'on failing to add a previously non-existent property',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+      
+    await expect(
+      token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'now-existent', permission: {}}]), 
+      'on setting a new non-permitted property',
+    ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await expect(
+      token.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'now-existent', value: 'I exist!'}]), 
+      'on failing to add a property forbidden by the \'None\' permission',
+    ).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
+
+    expect(await token.getProperties(['non-existent', 'now-existent'])).to.be.empty;
+      
+    const consumedSpace = await getConsumedSpace(token.collection.helper.api, token.collectionId, token.tokenId, pieces == 1n ? 'NFT' : 'RFT'); 
+    expect(consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
   }
-  it('Forbids adding properties to a token if the property is not declared / forbidden with the \'None\' permission (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Forbids adding properties to a token if the property is not declared / forbidden with the \'None\' permission (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Forbids adding properties to a token if the property is not declared / forbidden with the \'None\' permission (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Forbids adding properties to a token if the property is not declared / forbidden with the \'None\' permission (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testForbidsAddingPropertiesIfPropertyNotDeclared(token, 100n);
   });
 
-  async function testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties(mode: CollectionMode, pieces: number) {
-    await prepare(mode, pieces);
+  async function testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties(token: UniqueNFTToken | UniqueRFTToken, pieces: bigint) {
+    const originalSpace = await prepare(token, pieces);
+
+    await expect(
+      token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [
+        {key: 'a_holy_book', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}, 
+        {key: 'young_years', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}},
+      ]), 
+      'on setting new permissions for properties',
+    ).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    // Mute the general tx parsing error
+    {
+      console.error = () => {};
+      await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [{key: 'a_holy_book', value: 'word '.repeat(6554)}]))
+        .to.be.rejected;
+    }
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [
-          {key: 'a_holy_book', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}}, 
-          {key: 'young_years', permission: {collectionAdmin: true, tokenOwner: true}},
-        ]), 
-      ), 'on setting a new non-permitted property').to.not.be.rejected;
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'a_holy_book', value: 'word '.repeat(3277)}, 
+      {key: 'young_years', value: 'neverending'.repeat(1490)},
+    ])).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoSpaceForProperty/);
   
-      // Mute the general tx parsing error
-      {
-        console.error = () => {};
-        await expect(executeTransaction(
-          api, 
-          alice, 
-          api.tx.unique.setCollectionProperties(collection, [{key: 'a_holy_book', value: 'word '.repeat(6554)}]), 
-        )).to.be.rejected;
-      }
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          {key: 'a_holy_book', value: 'word '.repeat(3277)}, 
-          {key: 'young_years', value: 'neverending'.repeat(1490)},
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoSpaceForProperty/);
-  
-      expect((await api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties(collection, token, ['a_holy_book', 'young_years'])).toJSON()).to.be.empty;
-      const propertiesMap = (await api.query.nonfungible.tokenProperties(collection, token)).toJSON();
-      expect(propertiesMap.consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
-    });
+    expect(await token.getProperties(['a_holy_book', 'young_years'])).to.be.empty;
+    const consumedSpace = await getConsumedSpace(token.collection.helper.api, token.collectionId, token.tokenId, pieces == 1n ? 'NFT' : 'RFT'); 
+    expect(consumedSpace).to.be.equal(originalSpace);
   }
-  it('Forbids adding too many properties to a token (NFT)', async () => {
-    await testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties({type: 'NFT'}, 1);
+
+  itSub('Forbids adding too many properties to a token (NFT)', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    await testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties(token, 1n);
   });
-  it('Forbids adding too many properties to a token (ReFungible)', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties({type: 'ReFungible'}, 100);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('Forbids adding too many properties to a token (ReFungible)', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    await testForbidsAddingTooManyProperties(token, 100n);
   });
 });
 
 describe('ReFungible token properties permissions tests', () => {
-  let collection: number;
-  let token: number;
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+  let charlie: IKeyringPair;
 
   before(async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      requirePalletsOrSkip(this, helper, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
 
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
-      charlie = privateKeyWrapper('//Charlie');
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob, charlie] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([100n, 100n, 100n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  beforeEach(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
-      token = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'ReFungible');
-      await addCollectionAdminExpectSuccess(alice, collection, bob.address);
+  async function prepare(helper: UniqueHelper): Promise<UniqueRFTToken> {
+    const collection = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    const token = await collection.mintToken(alice, 100n);
+    
+    await collection.addAdmin(alice, {Substrate: bob.address});
+    await collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'fractals', permission: {mutable: true, tokenOwner: true}}]);
+    
+    return token;
+  }
 
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'key', permission: {mutable:true, tokenOwner: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-    });
+  itSub('Forbids adding token property with tokenOwner==true when signer doesn\'t have all pieces', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const token = await prepare(helper);
+
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, 33n);
+
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'fractals', value: 'multiverse'}, 
+    ])).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
   });
 
-  it('Forbids add token property with tokenOwher==true but signer have\'t all pieces', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, 33, 'ReFungible');
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          {key: 'key', value: 'word'}, 
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-    });
+  itSub('Forbids mutating token property with tokenOwher==true when signer doesn\'t have all pieces', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const token = await prepare(helper);
+
+    await expect(token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'fractals', permission: {mutable:true, tokenOwner: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'fractals', value: 'multiverse'}, 
+    ])).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, 33n);
+
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'fractals', value: 'want to rule the world'}, 
+    ])).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
   });
 
-  it('Forbids mutate token property with tokenOwher==true but signer have\'t all pieces', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenPropertyPermissions(collection, [{key: 'key', permission: {mutable:true, tokenOwner: true}}]), 
-      )).to.not.be.rejected;
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          {key: 'key', value: 'word'}, 
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.not.rejected;
+  itSub('Forbids deleting token property with tokenOwner==true when signer doesn\'t have all pieces', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const token = await prepare(helper);
 
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, 33, 'ReFungible');
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          {key: 'key', value: 'bad word'}, 
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-    });
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'fractals', value: 'one headline - why believe it'}, 
+    ])).to.be.fulfilled;
+
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, 33n);
+
+    await expect(token.deleteProperties(alice, ['fractals'])).
+      to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
   });
 
-  it('Forbids delete token property with tokenOwher==true but signer have\'t all pieces', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.setTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          {key: 'key', value: 'word'}, 
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.not.rejected;
+  itSub('Allows token property mutation with collectionOwner==true when admin doesn\'t have all pieces', async ({helper}) =>  {
+    const token = await prepare(helper);
+
+    await token.transfer(alice, {Substrate: charlie.address}, 33n);
+
+    await expect(token.collection.setTokenPropertyPermissions(alice, [{key: 'fractals', permission: {mutable:true, collectionAdmin: true}}]))
+      .to.be.fulfilled;
 
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, token, alice, charlie, 33, 'ReFungible');
-  
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api, 
-        alice, 
-        api.tx.unique.deleteTokenProperties(collection, token, [
-          'key',
-        ]), 
-      )).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.NoPermission/);
-    });
+    await expect(token.setProperties(alice, [
+      {key: 'fractals', value: 'multiverse'}, 
+    ])).to.be.fulfilled;
   });
 });

--- a/tests/src/nesting/unnest.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/nesting/unnest.test.ts
@@ -1,162 +1,126 @@
-import {expect} from 'chai';
-import {tokenIdToAddress} from '../eth/util/helpers';
-import usingApi, {executeTransaction} from '../substrate/substrate-api';
-import {
-  createCollectionExpectSuccess,
-  createItemExpectSuccess,
-  getBalance,
-  getTokenOwner,
-  normalizeAccountId,
-  setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess,
-  transferExpectSuccess,
-  transferFromExpectSuccess,
-  requirePallets,
-  Pallets,
-} from '../util/helpers';
+// Copyright 2019-2022 Unique Network (Gibraltar) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Unique Network.
+
+// Unique Network is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Unique Network is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Unique Network. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 import {IKeyringPair} from '@polkadot/types/types';
+import {expect, itSub, Pallets, usingPlaygrounds} from '../util/playgrounds';
 
-let alice: IKeyringPair;
-let bob: IKeyringPair;
+describe('Integration Test: Unnesting', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
 
-describe('Integration Test: Unnesting', () => {
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  it('NFT: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)};
-
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', targetAddress);
+  itSub('NFT: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
+    
+    // Create a nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Unnest
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        alice,
-        api.tx.unique.transferFrom(normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), normalizeAccountId(alice), collection, nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while unnesting').to.not.be.rejected;
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
+    // Unnest
+    await expect(nestedToken.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: alice.address}), 'while unnesting').to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal({Substrate: alice.address});
 
-      // Nest and burn
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collection, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress);
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        alice,
-        api.tx.unique.burnFrom(collection, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while burning').to.not.be.rejected;
-      await expect(getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.rejected;
-    });
+    // Nest and burn
+    await nestedToken.nest(alice, targetToken);
+    await expect(nestedToken.burnFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress()), 'while burning').to.be.fulfilled;
+    await expect(nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.rejected;
   });
 
-  it('Fungible: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Fungible: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      const collectionFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'Fungible', decimalPoints: 0}});
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionFT, 'Fungible');
+    const collectionFT = await helper.ft.mintCollection(alice);
+    
+    // Nest and unnest
+    await collectionFT.mint(alice, 10n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    await expect(collectionFT.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: alice.address}, 9n), 'while unnesting').to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(9n);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(1n);
 
-      // Nest and unnest
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'Fungible');
-      await transferFromExpectSuccess(collectionFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, alice, 1, 'Fungible');
-
-      // Nest and burn
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'Fungible');
-      const balanceBefore = await getBalance(api, collectionFT, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken);
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        alice,
-        api.tx.unique.burnFrom(collectionFT, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while burning').to.not.be.rejected;
-      const balanceAfter = await getBalance(api, collectionFT, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken);
-      expect(balanceAfter + BigInt(1)).to.be.equal(balanceBefore);
-    });
+    // Nest and burn
+    await collectionFT.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 5n);
+    await expect(collectionFT.burnTokensFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 6n), 'while burning').to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(4n);
+    expect(await collectionFT.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(0n);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
   });
 
-  it('ReFungible: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', async function() {
-    await requirePallets(this, [Pallets.ReFungible]);
+  itSub.ifWithPallets('ReFungible: allows the owner to successfully unnest a token', [Pallets.ReFungible], async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)};
-
-      const collectionRFT = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'ReFungible'}});
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collectionRFT, 'ReFungible');
-
-      // Nest and unnest
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionRFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'ReFungible');
-      await transferFromExpectSuccess(collectionRFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, alice, 1, 'ReFungible');
+    const collectionRFT = await helper.rft.mintCollection(alice);
+    
+    // Nest and unnest
+    const token = await collectionRFT.mintToken(alice, 10n, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    await expect(token.transferFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), {Substrate: alice.address}, 9n), 'while unnesting').to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await token.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(9n);
+    expect(await token.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(1n);
 
-      // Nest and burn
-      await transferExpectSuccess(collectionRFT, nestedToken, alice, targetAddress, 1, 'ReFungible');
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        alice,
-        api.tx.unique.burnFrom(collectionRFT, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while burning').to.not.be.rejected;
-      const balance = await getBalance(api, collectionRFT, normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), nestedToken);
-      expect(balance).to.be.equal(0n);
-    });
+    // Nest and burn
+    await token.transfer(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 5n);
+    await expect(token.burnFrom(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress(), 6n), 'while burning').to.be.fulfilled;
+    expect(await token.getBalance({Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.equal(4n);
+    expect(await token.getBalance(targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.equal(0n);
+    expect(await targetToken.getChildren()).to.be.length(0);
   });
 });
 
 describe('Negative Test: Unnesting', () => {
+  let alice: IKeyringPair;
+  let bob: IKeyringPair;
+
   before(async () => {
-    await usingApi(async (api, privateKeyWrapper) => {
-      alice = privateKeyWrapper('//Alice');
-      bob = privateKeyWrapper('//Bob');
+    await usingPlaygrounds(async (helper, privateKey) => {
+      const donor = privateKey('//Alice');
+      [alice, bob] = await helper.arrange.createAccounts([50n, 10n], donor);
     });
   });
 
-  it('Disallows a non-owner to unnest/burn a token', async () => {
-    await usingApi(async api => {
-      const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-      await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-      const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
-      const targetAddress = {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)};
+  itSub('Disallows a non-owner to unnest/burn a token', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-      // Create a nested token
-      const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', targetAddress);
+    // Create a nested token
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to unnest
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        bob,
-        api.tx.unique.transferFrom(normalizeAccountId(targetAddress), normalizeAccountId(bob), collection, nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while unnesting').to.be.rejectedWith(/^common\.ApprovedValueTooLow$/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
+    // Try to unnest
+    await expect(nestedToken.unnest(bob, targetToken, {Substrate: alice.address})).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
 
-      // Try to burn
-      await expect(executeTransaction(
-        api,
-        bob,
-        api.tx.unique.burnFrom(collection, normalizeAccountId(bob.address), nestedToken, 1),
-      ), 'while burning').to.not.be.rejectedWith(/^common\.ApprovedValueTooLow$/);
-      expect(await getTokenOwner(api, collection, nestedToken)).to.be.deep.equal({Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken).toLowerCase()});
-    });
+    // Try to burn
+    await expect(nestedToken.burnFrom(bob, targetToken.nestingAddress())).to.be.rejectedWith(/common\.ApprovedValueTooLow/);
+    expect(await nestedToken.getOwner()).to.be.deep.equal(targetToken.nestingAddress());
   });
 
   // todo another test for creating excessive depth matryoshka with Ethereum?
 
   // Recursive nesting
-  it('Prevents Ouroboros creation', async () => {
-    const collection = await createCollectionExpectSuccess({mode: {type: 'NFT'}});
-    await setCollectionPermissionsExpectSuccess(alice, collection, {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}});
-    const targetToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT');
+  itSub('Prevents Ouroboros creation', async ({helper}) => {
+    const collection = await helper.nft.mintCollection(alice, {permissions: {nesting: {tokenOwner: true}}});
+    const targetToken = await collection.mintToken(alice);
 
-    // Create a nested token ouroboros
-    const nestedToken = await createItemExpectSuccess(alice, collection, 'NFT', {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, targetToken)});
-    await expect(transferExpectSuccess(collection, targetToken, alice, {Ethereum: tokenIdToAddress(collection, nestedToken)})).to.be.rejectedWith(/^structure\.OuroborosDetected$/);
+    // Fail to create a nested token ouroboros
+    const nestedToken = await collection.mintToken(alice, targetToken.nestingAddress());
+    await expect(targetToken.nest(alice, nestedToken)).to.be.rejectedWith(/^structure\.OuroborosDetected$/);
   });
 });

9494
95export interface IProperty {95export interface IProperty {
96  key: string;96  key: string;
97  value: string;97  value?: string;
98}98}
9999
100export interface ITokenPropertyPermission {100export interface ITokenPropertyPermission {
101  key: string;101  key: string;
102  permission: {102  permission: {
103    mutable: boolean;103    mutable?: boolean;
104    tokenOwner: boolean;104    tokenOwner?: boolean;
105    collectionAdmin: boolean;105    collectionAdmin?: boolean;
106  }106  }
107}107}
108108
109export interface IToken {109export interface IToken {
110  collectionId: number;110  collectionId: number;
111  tokenId: number;111  tokenId: number;
112  //nestingAddress: () => {Ethereum: string};
112}113}
113114
114export interface IBlock {115export interface IBlock {

--- a/tests/src/util/playgrounds/unique.ts
+++ b/tests/src/util/playgrounds/unique.ts
@@ -55,8 +55,12 @@
     RPC: 'rpc',
   };
 
-  static getNestingTokenAddress(collectionId: number, tokenId: number) {
-    return nesting.tokenIdToAddress(collectionId, tokenId);
+  static getNestingTokenAddress(token: IToken) {
+    return {Ethereum: this.getNestingTokenAddressRaw(token).toLowerCase()};
+  }
+
+  static getNestingTokenAddressRaw(token: IToken) {
+    return nesting.tokenIdToAddress(token.collectionId, token.tokenId);
   }
 
   static getDefaultLogger(): ILogger {
@@ -897,6 +901,18 @@
   }
 
   /**
+   * Get collection properties.
+   * 
+   * @param collectionId ID of collection
+   * @param propertyKeys optionally filter the returned properties to only these keys
+   * @example getProperties(1219, ['location', 'date', 'time', 'isParadise']);
+   * @returns array of key-value pairs
+   */
+  async getProperties(collectionId: number, propertyKeys: string[] | null = null): Promise<IProperty[]> {
+    return (await this.helper.callRpc('api.rpc.unique.collectionProperties', [collectionId, ...(propertyKeys === null ? [] : [propertyKeys])])).toHuman();
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Deletes onchain properties from the collection.
    *
    * @param signer keyring of signer
@@ -988,13 +1004,13 @@
    *
    * @param signer keyring of signer
    * @param collectionId ID of collection
-   * @param fromAddressObj address on behalf of which the token will be burnt
    * @param tokenId ID of token
+   * @param fromAddressObj address on behalf of which the token will be burnt
    * @param amount amount of tokens to be burned. For NFT must be set to 1n
    * @example burnTokenFrom(aliceKeyring, 10, {Substrate: "5DyN4Y92vZCjv38fg..."}, 5, {Ethereum: "0x9F0583DbB85..."})
    * @returns ```true``` if extrinsic success, otherwise ```false```
    */
-  async burnTokenFrom(signer: TSigner, collectionId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId, tokenId: number, amount=1n): Promise<boolean> {
+  async burnTokenFrom(signer: TSigner, collectionId: number, tokenId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId, amount=1n): Promise<boolean> {
     const burnResult = await this.helper.executeExtrinsic(
       signer,
       'api.tx.unique.burnFrom', [collectionId, fromAddressObj, tokenId, amount],
@@ -1117,7 +1133,7 @@
    *
    * @param signer keyring of signer
    * @param collectionId ID of collection
-   * @param permissions permissions to change a property by the collection owner or admin
+   * @param permissions permissions to change a property by the collection admin or token owner
    * @example setTokenPropertyPermissions(
    *   aliceKeyring, 10, [{key: "gender", permission: {tokenOwner: true, mutable: true, collectionAdmin: true}}]
    * )
@@ -1134,6 +1150,18 @@
   }
 
   /**
+   * Get token property permissions.
+   * 
+   * @param collectionId ID of collection
+   * @param propertyKeys optionally filter the returned property permissions to only these keys
+   * @example getPropertyPermissions(1219, ['location', 'date', 'time', 'isParadise']);
+   * @returns array of key-permission pairs
+   */
+  async getPropertyPermissions(collectionId: number, propertyKeys: string[] | null = null): Promise<ITokenPropertyPermission[]> {
+    return (await this.helper.callRpc('api.rpc.unique.propertyPermissions', [collectionId, ...(propertyKeys === null ? [] : [propertyKeys])])).toHuman();
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Set token properties
    *
    * @param signer keyring of signer
@@ -1154,6 +1182,19 @@
   }
 
   /**
+   * Get properties, metadata assigned to a token.
+   * 
+   * @param collectionId ID of collection
+   * @param tokenId ID of token
+   * @param propertyKeys optionally filter the returned properties to only these keys
+   * @example getTokenProperties(1219, ['location', 'date', 'time', 'isParadise']);
+   * @returns array of key-value pairs
+   */
+  async getTokenProperties(collectionId: number, tokenId: number, propertyKeys: string[] | null = null): Promise<IProperty[]> {
+    return (await this.helper.callRpc('api.rpc.unique.tokenProperties', [collectionId, tokenId, ...(propertyKeys === null ? [] : [propertyKeys])])).toHuman();
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Delete the provided properties of a token
    * @param signer keyring of signer
    * @param collectionId ID of collection
@@ -1339,7 +1380,7 @@
    * @returns ```true``` if extrinsic success, otherwise ```false```
    */
   async nestToken(signer: TSigner, tokenObj: IToken, rootTokenObj: IToken): Promise<boolean> {
-    const rootTokenAddress = {Ethereum: this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(rootTokenObj.collectionId, rootTokenObj.tokenId)};
+    const rootTokenAddress = this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(rootTokenObj);
     const result = await this.transferToken(signer, tokenObj.collectionId, tokenObj.tokenId, rootTokenAddress);
     if(!result) {
       throw Error('Unable to nest token!');
@@ -1357,7 +1398,7 @@
    * @returns ```true``` if extrinsic success, otherwise ```false```
    */
   async unnestToken(signer: TSigner, tokenObj: IToken, rootTokenObj: IToken, toAddressObj: ICrossAccountId): Promise<boolean> {
-    const rootTokenAddress = {Ethereum: this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(rootTokenObj.collectionId, rootTokenObj.tokenId)};
+    const rootTokenAddress = this.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(rootTokenObj);
     const result = await this.transferTokenFrom(signer, tokenObj.collectionId, tokenObj.tokenId, rootTokenAddress, toAddressObj);
     if(!result) {
       throw Error('Unable to unnest token!');
@@ -1377,7 +1418,7 @@
    * })
    * @returns object of the created collection
    */
-  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions): Promise<UniqueNFTCollection> {
+  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions = {}): Promise<UniqueNFTCollection> {
     return await super.mintCollection(signer, collectionOptions, 'NFT') as UniqueNFTCollection;
   }
 
@@ -1563,7 +1604,7 @@
    * })
    * @returns object of the created collection
    */
-  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions): Promise<UniqueRFTCollection> {
+  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions = {}): Promise<UniqueRFTCollection> {
     return await super.mintCollection(signer, collectionOptions, 'RFT') as UniqueRFTCollection;
   }
 
@@ -1633,13 +1674,27 @@
    * @param tokenId ID of token
    * @param amount number of pieces to be burnt
    * @example burnToken(aliceKeyring, 10, 5);
-   * @returns ```true``` and burnt token number is extrinsic success. Otherwise ```false``` and ```null```
+   * @returns ```true``` and burnt token number, if extrinsic is successful. Otherwise ```false``` and ```null```
    */
   async burnToken(signer: IKeyringPair, collectionId: number, tokenId: number, amount=1n): Promise<{ success: boolean; token: number | null; }> {
     return await super.burnToken(signer, collectionId, tokenId, amount);
   }
 
   /**
+   * Destroys a concrete instance of RFT on behalf of the owner.
+   * @param signer keyring of signer
+   * @param collectionId ID of collection
+   * @param tokenId ID of token
+   * @param fromAddressObj address on behalf of which the token will be burnt
+   * @param amount number of pieces to be burnt
+   * @example burnTokenFrom(aliceKeyring, 10, 5, {Substrate: "5DyN4Y92vZCjv38fg..."}, 2n)
+   * @returns ```true``` if extrinsic success, otherwise ```false```
+   */
+  async burnTokenFrom(signer: IKeyringPair, collectionId: number, tokenId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId, amount=1n): Promise<boolean> {
+    return await super.burnTokenFrom(signer, collectionId, tokenId, fromAddressObj, amount);
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Set, change, or remove approved address to transfer the ownership of the RFT.
    *
    * @param signer keyring of signer
@@ -1711,7 +1766,7 @@
    * }, 18)
    * @returns newly created fungible collection
    */
-  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions, decimalPoints = 0): Promise<UniqueFTCollection> {
+  async mintCollection(signer: TSigner, collectionOptions: ICollectionCreationOptions = {}, decimalPoints = 0): Promise<UniqueFTCollection> {
     collectionOptions = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(collectionOptions)) as ICollectionCreationOptions; // Clone object
     if(collectionOptions.tokenPropertyPermissions) throw Error('Fungible collections has no tokenPropertyPermissions');
     collectionOptions.mode = {fungible: decimalPoints};
@@ -1840,7 +1895,7 @@
    * @returns ```true``` if extrinsic success, otherwise ```false```
    */
   async burnTokensFrom(signer: IKeyringPair, collectionId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId, amount=1n): Promise<boolean> {
-    return await super.burnTokenFrom(signer, collectionId, fromAddressObj, 0, amount);
+    return await super.burnTokenFrom(signer, collectionId, 0, fromAddressObj, amount);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2161,7 +2216,7 @@
 }
 
 
-class UniqueCollectionBase {
+export class UniqueCollectionBase {
   helper: UniqueHelper;
   collectionId: number;
 
@@ -2194,6 +2249,10 @@
     return await this.helper.collection.getEffectiveLimits(this.collectionId);
   }
 
+  async getProperties(propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.helper.collection.getProperties(this.collectionId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
   async setSponsor(signer: TSigner, sponsorAddress: TSubstrateAccount) {
     return await this.helper.collection.setSponsor(signer, this.collectionId, sponsorAddress);
   }
@@ -2260,7 +2319,7 @@
 }
 
 
-class UniqueNFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
+export class UniqueNFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
   getTokenObject(tokenId: number) {
     return new UniqueNFTToken(tokenId, this);
   }
@@ -2285,6 +2344,14 @@
     return await this.helper.nft.getTokenChildren(this.collectionId, tokenId, blockHashAt);
   }
 
+  async getPropertyPermissions(propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.helper.nft.getPropertyPermissions(this.collectionId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
+  async getTokenProperties(tokenId: number, propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.helper.nft.getTokenProperties(this.collectionId, tokenId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
   async transferToken(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, addressObj: ICrossAccountId) {
     return await this.helper.nft.transferToken(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, addressObj);
   }
@@ -2313,6 +2380,10 @@
     return await this.helper.nft.burnToken(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId);
   }
 
+  async burnTokenFrom(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId) {
+    return await this.helper.nft.burnTokenFrom(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, fromAddressObj);
+  }
+
   async setTokenProperties(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, properties: IProperty[]) {
     return await this.helper.nft.setTokenProperties(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, properties);
   }
@@ -2335,11 +2406,15 @@
 }
 
 
-class UniqueRFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
+export class UniqueRFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
   getTokenObject(tokenId: number) {
     return new UniqueRFTToken(tokenId, this);
   }
 
+  async getToken(tokenId: number, blockHashAt?: string) {
+    return await this.helper.rft.getToken(this.collectionId, tokenId, [], blockHashAt);
+  }
+
   async getTokensByAddress(addressObj: ICrossAccountId) {
     return await this.helper.rft.getTokensByAddress(this.collectionId, addressObj);
   }
@@ -2356,6 +2431,14 @@
     return await this.helper.rft.getTokenTotalPieces(this.collectionId, tokenId);
   }
 
+  async getPropertyPermissions(propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.helper.rft.getPropertyPermissions(this.collectionId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
+  async getTokenProperties(tokenId: number, propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.helper.rft.getTokenProperties(this.collectionId, tokenId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
   async transferToken(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, addressObj: ICrossAccountId, amount=1n) {
     return await this.helper.rft.transferToken(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, addressObj, amount);
   }
@@ -2388,6 +2471,10 @@
     return await this.helper.rft.burnToken(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, amount);
   }
 
+  async burnTokenFrom(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId,  amount=1n) {
+    return await this.helper.rft.burnTokenFrom(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, fromAddressObj, amount);
+  }
+
   async setTokenProperties(signer: TSigner, tokenId: number, properties: IProperty[]) {
     return await this.helper.rft.setTokenProperties(signer, this.collectionId, tokenId, properties);
   }
@@ -2402,7 +2489,7 @@
 }
 
 
-class UniqueFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
+export class UniqueFTCollection extends UniqueCollectionBase {
   async mint(signer: TSigner, amount=1n, owner: ICrossAccountId = {Substrate: signer.address}) {
     return await this.helper.ft.mintTokens(signer, this.collectionId, amount, owner);
   }
@@ -2449,7 +2536,7 @@
 }
 
 
-class UniqueTokenBase implements IToken {
+export class UniqueTokenBase implements IToken {
   collection: UniqueNFTCollection | UniqueRFTCollection;
   collectionId: number;
   tokenId: number;
@@ -2464,6 +2551,10 @@
     return await this.collection.getTokenNextSponsored(this.tokenId, addressObj);
   }
 
+  async getProperties(propertyKeys: string[] | null = null) {
+    return await this.collection.getTokenProperties(this.tokenId, propertyKeys);
+  }
+
   async setProperties(signer: TSigner, properties: IProperty[]) {
     return await this.collection.setTokenProperties(signer, this.tokenId, properties);
   }
@@ -2471,10 +2562,14 @@
   async deleteProperties(signer: TSigner, propertyKeys: string[]) {
     return await this.collection.deleteTokenProperties(signer, this.tokenId, propertyKeys);
   }
+
+  nestingAddress() {
+    return this.collection.helper.util.getNestingTokenAddress(this);
+  }
 }
 
 
-class UniqueNFTToken extends UniqueTokenBase {
+export class UniqueNFTToken extends UniqueTokenBase {
   collection: UniqueNFTCollection;
 
   constructor(tokenId: number, collection: UniqueNFTCollection) {
@@ -2525,9 +2620,13 @@
   async burn(signer: TSigner) {
     return await this.collection.burnToken(signer, this.tokenId);
   }
+
+  async burnFrom(signer: TSigner, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId) {
+    return await this.collection.burnTokenFrom(signer, this.tokenId, fromAddressObj);
+  }
 }
 
-class UniqueRFTToken extends UniqueTokenBase {
+export class UniqueRFTToken extends UniqueTokenBase {
   collection: UniqueRFTCollection;
 
   constructor(tokenId: number, collection: UniqueRFTCollection) {
@@ -2535,6 +2634,10 @@
     this.collection = collection;
   }
 
+  async getData(blockHashAt?: string) {
+    return await this.collection.getToken(this.tokenId, blockHashAt);
+  }
+
   async getTop10Owners() {
     return await this.collection.getTop10TokenOwners(this.tokenId);
   }
@@ -2570,4 +2673,8 @@
   async burn(signer: TSigner, amount=1n) {
     return await this.collection.burnToken(signer, this.tokenId, amount);
   }
+
+  async burnFrom(signer: TSigner, fromAddressObj: ICrossAccountId, amount=1n) {
+    return await this.collection.burnTokenFrom(signer, this.tokenId, fromAddressObj, amount);
+  }
 }