git.delta.rocks / jrsonnet / refs/commits / 5b43fa88b8c4

difftreelog

rendered

docs/benchmarks.adoc65.7 KiBrenderedsourcehistory

There are multiple implementations of jsonnet implemented in different languages: Rust (this repo), Go, Scala, C++, Haskell.

For simplicity, I will call these implementations by the language of their implementation.

Unfortunately, I haven’t managed to measure performance of Haskell implementation, because I wasn’t able to build it, and there is no binaries published anywhere, so this implementation is omitted from the following benchmarks

CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D 16-Core Processor, 32 threads

Tested versions

  • Go: Jsonnet commandline interpreter (Go implementation) v0.22.0-rc1

  • C++: Jsonnet commandline interpreter v0.22.0-rc1

  • Scala (native/GraalVM): Sjsonnet 0.6.2

  • Rust (alternative): rsjsonnet 2026-03-23 (27be31532180c611383ceb2b7f03193ab1253487)

  • Rust: jrsonnet 0.5.0-pre97

Real world

Graalvm CI

Note: No results for C++, takes longer than a hour

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

34.4 ± 1.2

31.8

37.3

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

68.5 ± 7.2

54.3

87.7

1.99 ± 0.22

Go

600.3 ± 18.6

566.1

631.0

17.47 ± 0.82

Scala (native)

69.6 ± 4.8

56.6

78.8

2.03 ± 0.16

Scala (GraalVM)

65.1 ± 2.7

56.9

70.8

1.90 ± 0.10

Kube-prometheus manifests

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

43.6 ± 1.8

38.5

46.9

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

57.9 ± 2.6

50.2

64.5

1.33 ± 0.08

Go

1068.4 ± 16.5

1033.7

1090.4

24.52 ± 1.10

Scala (native)

204.6 ± 2.3

201.8

209.1

4.70 ± 0.20

Scala (GraalVM)

183.7 ± 2.9

179.0

193.3

4.22 ± 0.19

Benchmarks from C++ jsonnet (/perf_tests)

Large string join

Source 
{
    text: std.join(',', std.makeArray(76846, function(_) 'x')),
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

2.6 ± 0.2

2.3

3.9

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

12.4 ± 1.7

10.1

19.5

4.84 ± 0.78

Go

46.4 ± 2.9

41.4

55.9

18.04 ± 1.90

Scala (native)

9.7 ± 0.9

8.0

13.9

3.77 ± 0.47

Scala (GraalVM)

8.0 ± 0.6

6.7

10.7

3.12 ± 0.35

C++

39.7 ± 2.9

33.2

48.3

15.44 ± 1.74

Large string template

Note: No results for Go, fails with os stack size exhausion

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

2.1 ± 0.2

1.8

3.2

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

3.3 ± 0.3

2.9

4.5

1.56 ± 0.21

Scala (native)

14.5 ± 1.1

12.2

16.8

6.91 ± 0.87

Scala (GraalVM)

13.9 ± 0.7

12.0

16.0

6.63 ± 0.75

Realistic 1

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Source 
local utils = {
  Func3(aaaaaaa, bbbbbbb, cccc)::
    'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/%s/XXXXX/%s/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/%s'
    % [aaaaaaa, bbbbbbb, cccc],
};


local long_list = [
  '001xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '002xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '003xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '004xxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '005xxxx-xxx-xxxx',
  '006xxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '007xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '008xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '009xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '010xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '011xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '012xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '013xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '014xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xx',
  '015xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '016xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '017xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '018xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '019xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xx',
  '020xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '021xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '022xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '023xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '024xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '025xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '026xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '027xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '028xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '029xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx',
  '030xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '031xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '032xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '033xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '034xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '035xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '036xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '037xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx',
  '038xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '039xxxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '040xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '041xxxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xx',
  '042xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx',
  '043xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '044xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '045xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxx',
  '046xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxx',
  '047xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '048xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '049xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '050xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '051xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '052xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xx',
  '053xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '054xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '055xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx',
  '056xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '057xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '058xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '059xxx-xxx-xxxx-xx-xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '060xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '061xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '062xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '063xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '064xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '065xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx',
  '066xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xxxx',
  '067xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '068xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxx',
  '069xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xx-xxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '070xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '071xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '072xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '073xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '074xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '075xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '076xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '077xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-x2',
  '078xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxx',
  '079xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '080xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '081xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '082xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '083xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '084xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '085xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx',
  '086xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '087xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '088xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '089xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '090xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '091xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '092xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xx',
  '093xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '094xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '095xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '096xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '098xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '098xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '099xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xx',
  '100xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '101xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '102xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '103xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '104xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '105xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '106xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '107xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '108xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '109xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '110xxx-xxxx-xxxxx',
  '111xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '112xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '113xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '114xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '115xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '116xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '117xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '118xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '119xxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '120xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '121xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '122xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '123xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xx',
  '124xxxx-xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '125xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxx',
  '126xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '127xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '128xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '129xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '130xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '131xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '132xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '133xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xx',
  '134xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '135xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '136xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '137xxx-xxx-xxx',
  '138xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '139xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '140xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '141xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '142xxx-xxx-xx-xxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '143xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '144xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '145xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '146xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '147xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '148xxx-xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '149xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxx',
  '150xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxx',
  '151xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '152xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '153xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxx',
  '154xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '155xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxx',
  '156xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xx-xxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '157xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '158xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '159xxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxxxx',
  '160xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '161xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '162xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '163xxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '164xxx-xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '165xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '166xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-x2',
  '167xxx-xxx-xxx',
  '168xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '169xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '170xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '171xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '172xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx',
  '173xxx-xxx',
  '174xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '175xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxx',
  '176xxx-xxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '177xxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx',
  '178xxx-xxxxxx',
  '179xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx',
  '180xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx',
  '181xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '182xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '183xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxx',
  '184xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '185xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '186xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxx',
  '187xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '188xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '189xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '190xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '191xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx',
  '192xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '193xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '194xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx',
  '195xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '196xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '197xxx-xxxxxxx-xxx',
  '198xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxx-xxxxxxx',
  '199xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '200xxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  '201xxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '202xxx-xxx',
  '203xxx-xxx-xxxxxx',
  '204xxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '205xxxxxxxxxxx-xxx',
  '206xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '207xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx1',
  '208xxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxx1',
  '209xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx1',
  '209xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx2',
  '210xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxx1',
  '211xxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx1-xxxxx1',
  '212xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx2-xxxxx1',
  '213xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx1-xxxxx1',
  '214xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxx2-xxxxx1',
  '215xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxx',
  '216xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxx',
  '217xxxxxxxxx-xxxx',
];

{
  'yyyyyyyyy': {
    local Func3(z, n) = utils.Func3('yyyyyyyyy', z, n),

    global: {
      [n]: {
        members: [
          Func3(z, '%s-gggg-%s-%s' % [n, z, suffix]),
          for z in ['ooooooo-a', 'ooooooo-b', 'ooooooo-c',
                       'ooooooo-a', 'ooooooo-b', 'ooooooo-c']
          for suffix in ['a', 'b', 'c']
        ],
      }
      for n in long_list
    },
  },
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

5.9 ± 0.4

5.4

7.4

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

7.8 ± 0.4

7.1

9.2

1.31 ± 0.11

Go

3158.3 ± 65.5

3011.3

3245.6

531.91 ± 35.10

Scala (native)

12.7 ± 0.9

10.6

15.9

2.15 ± 0.21

Scala (GraalVM)

13.8 ± 0.8

11.7

17.2

2.32 ± 0.20

Realistic 2

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Source 
local rfc3339(timestamp) = '1970-01-01T00:00:00Z';

local name1(a, b, c) =
  'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%sBBBBBBB%sCCCCCCCCCCC%s'
  % [a, b, c];

local name2(x) =
  'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX%s' % x;

local T1 = 'PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP';
local T2 = 'QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ';

local LOCATIONS = [
  'europe-west1-b',
  'europe-west1-c',
  'europe-west1-d',
  'europe-west2-a',
  'europe-west2-b',
  'europe-west2-c',
  'europe-west3-a',
  'europe-west3-b',
  'europe-west3-c',
  'europe-west4-a',
  'europe-west4-b',
  'europe-west4-c',
  'us-central1-a',
  'us-central1-b',
  'us-central1-c',
  'us-central1-f',
  'us-east1-b',
  'us-east1-c',
  'us-east1-d',
  'us-east4-a',
  'us-east4-b',
  'us-east4-c',
  'us-west1-a',
  'us-west1-b',
  'us-west1-c',
];


// The return value is a function to allow it to be parameterized.
function(
  timestamp=0,
  x='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  prefix='prefix',
  num1=50,
  count=25,
  offset=0,
)
  local rfc_timestamp = rfc3339(timestamp);

  local func1(i) =
    local location = LOCATIONS[i % std.length(LOCATIONS)];
    [
      local name = '%s-%000d-%000d' % [prefix, i, j];
      {
        field_zz1: rfc_timestamp,
        fie_z2: {
          field_z3: name1(x, location, name),
          field_zzzzzzzzzz4: name2(x),
          field_zzz5: [name],
          field_z6: T1,
          field_z7: location,
          fi_8: '???',
          fiel_z9: '99',
        },
      }
      for j in std.range(0, num1 - 1)
    ];

  local func2(i) =
    local location = LOCATIONS[i % std.length(LOCATIONS)];
    local all = [
      name1(x, location, '%s-%000d-%000d' % [prefix, i, j])
      for j in std.range(0, num1 - 1)
    ];
    [
      {
        field_yy1: rfc_timestamp,
        field_yyyyy2: 'EEEE',
        field_yyyyy3: {
          field_y4: T2,
          field_yyyyyyy5: p,
          field_yyyyyyy6: q,
        },
      }
      for p in all
      for q in all
      if p != q
    ];


  {
    field_x1: '-----',
    field_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2: std.join([], [
      func1(offset * count + i)
      for i in std.range(0, count - 1)
    ]),
    field_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx3: std.join([], [
      func2(offset * count + i)
      for i in std.range(0, count - 1)
    ]),
  }

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

120.9 ± 3.5

114.0

127.1

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

163.4 ± 3.8

154.4

170.6

1.35 ± 0.05

Go

3160.3 ± 54.6

3034.7

3242.9

26.15 ± 0.87

Scala (native)

417.8 ± 4.2

405.6

426.0

3.46 ± 0.10

Scala (GraalVM)

409.1 ± 4.5

401.8

421.4

3.39 ± 0.10

Benchmarks from C++ jsonnet (/benchmarks)

Tail call

Source 
/*
Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

local sum(x) =
  if x == 0 then
    0
  else
    x + sum(x - 1);
sum(300)

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

865.2 ± 106.0

723.0

1544.2

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1200.9 ± 144.0

1030.4

2238.5

1.39 ± 0.24

Go

2559.0 ± 187.5

2033.0

3289.3

2.96 ± 0.42

Scala (native)

2406.8 ± 227.0

2030.4

3547.3

2.78 ± 0.43

Scala (GraalVM)

1858.1 ± 184.4

1434.9

2770.1

2.15 ± 0.34

C++

18460.1 ± 1115.1

16827.0

22068.8

21.34 ± 2.91

Inheritance recursion

Source 
/*
Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

local Fib = {
  n: 1,
  local outer = self,
  r: if self.n <= 1 then 1 else (Fib { n: outer.n - 1 }).r + (Fib { n: outer.n - 2 }).r,
};

(Fib { n: 25 }).r

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

160.1 ± 2.0

155.9

163.7

3.43 ± 0.10

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

115.6 ± 1.6

113.5

119.3

2.48 ± 0.07

Go

444.7 ± 8.6

429.2

467.9

9.52 ± 0.31

Scala (native)

46.7 ± 1.2

44.3

50.2

1.00

Scala (GraalVM)

58.3 ± 1.6

55.1

61.5

1.25 ± 0.05

C++

1216.9 ± 9.0

1204.7

1237.2

26.06 ± 0.69

Simple recursive call

Source 
/*
Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

local fibonacci(n) =
  if n <= 1 then
    1
  else
    fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);

fibonacci(25)

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

35.8 ± 0.7

34.1

37.5

1.99 ± 0.10

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

39.9 ± 1.6

37.6

48.9

2.22 ± 0.13

Go

194.3 ± 4.2

187.4

205.0

10.81 ± 0.54

Scala (native)

18.0 ± 0.8

16.5

20.6

1.00

Scala (GraalVM)

25.2 ± 0.9

23.2

28.4

1.40 ± 0.08

C++

78.8 ± 1.5

74.9

82.1

4.38 ± 0.21

Foldl string concat

Source 
std.foldl(function(e, res) e + res, std.makeArray(20000, function(i) 'aaaaa'), '')

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

3.7 ± 0.3

3.4

5.0

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

96.0 ± 1.7

94.2

99.7

25.82 ± 2.05

Go

4076.3 ± 32.7

4016.9

4129.6

1096.62 ± 85.35

Scala (native)

328.6 ± 33.7

267.8

406.5

88.40 ± 11.37

Scala (GraalVM)

420.9 ± 10.7

387.9

436.4

113.22 ± 9.23

C++

564.6 ± 6.1

551.0

575.6

151.90 ± 11.88

Array sorts

Source 
// A benchmark for builtin sort

local reverse = std.reverse;
local sort = std.sort;

true
&& std.assertEqual(std.range(1, 500), sort(std.range(1, 500)))
&& std.assertEqual(std.range(1, 1000), sort(std.range(1, 1000)))
&& std.assertEqual(reverse(std.range(1, 1000)), sort(std.range(1, 1000), keyF=function(x) -x))
&& std.assertEqual(std.range(1, 1000), sort(reverse(std.range(1, 1000))))
&& std.assertEqual(std.makeArray(2000, function(i) std.floor((i + 2) / 2)), sort(std.range(1, 1000) + reverse(std.range(1, 1000))))

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

1.3 ± 0.1

1.2

2.3

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

3.4 ± 0.2

3.1

5.5

2.52 ± 0.30

Go

5.4 ± 0.3

4.8

6.5

4.05 ± 0.43

Scala (native)

4.2 ± 0.4

3.5

5.8

3.09 ± 0.41

Scala (GraalVM)

3.0 ± 0.3

2.4

5.1

2.21 ± 0.30

C++

2057.1 ± 19.0

2020.1

2093.3

1531.53 ± 146.37

Lazy array

Source 
local f2(f) = function(x) f(f(x));
local id(x) = x;

local slowId = std.makeArray(20, function(i) if i == 0 then id else f2(slowId[i - 1]));

slowId[15](42)

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

54.8 ± 6.6

42.7

65.5

5.12 ± 0.72

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

10.7 ± 0.8

9.6

14.7

1.00

Go

385.8 ± 8.2

373.7

402.5

36.03 ± 2.72

Scala (native)

19.3 ± 1.4

15.9

22.1

1.81 ± 0.18

Scala (GraalVM)

18.5 ± 1.4

14.1

21.2

1.72 ± 0.18

C++

103.5 ± 2.5

99.3

109.7

9.67 ± 0.74

Inheritance function recursion

Source 
local fibnext = {
  a: super.a + super.b,
  b: super.a,
};
local fib(n) =
  if n == 0 then
    { a: 1, b: 1 }
  else
    fib(n - 1) + fibnext;

fib(25)

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

743.5 ± 89.5

625.2

1784.7

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1180.2 ± 144.6

1017.7

2210.2

1.59 ± 0.27

Go

1414.3 ± 71.8

1174.2

2001.0

1.90 ± 0.25

Scala (native)

2394.1 ± 237.9

2011.3

4013.8

3.22 ± 0.50

Scala (GraalVM)

1814.9 ± 205.1

1439.8

2826.0

2.44 ± 0.40

C++

789224.2 ± 7732.9

768789.6

805741.8

1061.50 ± 128.22

String strips

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Source 
// This string must be longer than max stack frames
local veryLongString = std.join('', std.repeat(['e'], 510));

std.assertEqual(std.stripChars(veryLongString + 'ok' + veryLongString, 'e'), 'ok') &&
std.assertEqual(std.lstripChars(veryLongString + 'ok', 'e'), 'ok') &&
std.assertEqual(std.rstripChars('ok' + veryLongString, 'e'), 'ok') &&

true

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

751.5 ± 98.9

625.9

1451.6

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1182.3 ± 147.4

1018.3

2328.8

1.57 ± 0.29

Go

5375.9 ± 293.0

4843.7

6930.0

7.15 ± 1.02

Scala (native)

2377.2 ± 226.5

2029.3

3675.7

3.16 ± 0.51

Scala (GraalVM)

1884.6 ± 188.5

1486.8

3105.8

2.51 ± 0.41

Big object

Source 
// Generator source
local n = 2000;

local objLocal(name, body) = 'local ' + name + ' = ' + body + ',';
local objField(name, body) = name + ': ' + body + ',';

local allLocals =
  std.makeArray(n, function(i) objLocal('l' + i, '1'));

local allFields =
  std.makeArray(n, function(i) objField('f' + i, '2'));

local indent = '  ';
local indentAndSeparate(s) = indent + s + '\n';

local objContents = std.map(indentAndSeparate, allLocals + allFields);

local objectBody = std.join('', objContents);
'{\n' + objectBody + '}\n'

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

839.2 ± 97.2

704.3

1562.2

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1312.8 ± 146.1

1129.8

2440.5

1.56 ± 0.25

Go

2544.5 ± 118.7

2262.5

3078.4

3.03 ± 0.38

Scala (native)

3756.8 ± 386.3

3205.7

5865.4

4.48 ± 0.69

Scala (GraalVM)

3035.7 ± 269.8

2498.4

4461.3

3.62 ± 0.53

C++

16199.6 ± 864.3

14763.2

19331.2

19.30 ± 2.46

Benchmarks from Go jsonnet (builtins)

std.base64

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.base64("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus.") for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

1.2 ± 0.1

1.1

2.4

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

2.3 ± 0.2

2.1

3.5

1.89 ± 0.27

Go

8.1 ± 0.4

7.4

9.8

6.54 ± 0.79

Scala (native)

4.8 ± 0.4

4.1

6.6

3.89 ± 0.56

Scala (GraalVM)

3.5 ± 0.3

2.9

4.6

2.83 ± 0.38

std.base64Decode

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.base64Decode("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") for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

1.2 ± 0.1

1.1

2.2

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

2.8 ± 0.2

2.6

4.1

2.37 ± 0.32

Go

7.4 ± 0.4

6.8

10.5

6.21 ± 0.77

Scala (native)

4.2 ± 0.4

3.6

5.6

3.57 ± 0.52

Scala (GraalVM)

3.1 ± 0.2

2.5

4.2

2.58 ± 0.36

C++

4819.0 ± 22.8

4775.1

4863.2

4068.77 ± 454.41

std.base64DecodeBytes

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.base64DecodeBytes("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") for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

19.2 ± 0.9

17.5

23.8

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

44.5 ± 2.2

41.1

48.9

2.32 ± 0.16

Go

115.3 ± 2.5

111.0

120.1

6.01 ± 0.32

Scala (native)

37.2 ± 2.2

32.0

41.6

1.94 ± 0.15

Scala (GraalVM)

28.7 ± 0.9

27.2

31.4

1.49 ± 0.09

C++

4643.4 ± 18.6

4612.8

4678.5

242.13 ± 11.89

std.base64 (byte array)

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.base64([76,111,114,101,109,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,100,111,108,111,114,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,44,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,101,108,105,116,44,32,115,101,100,32,100,111,32,101,105,117,115,109,111,100,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,105,110,99,105,100,105,100,117,110,116,32,117,116,32,108,97,98,111,114,101,32,101,116,32,100,111,108,111,114,101,32,109,97,103,110,97,32,97,108,105,113,117,97,46,32,83,101,100,32,116,117,114,112,105,115,32,116,105,110,99,105,100,117,110,116,32,105,100,32,97,108,105,113,117,101,116,32,114,105,115,117,115,46,32,69,103,101,116,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,104,97,114,101,116,114,97,32,101,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,101,115,32,110,101,113,117,101,32,111,114,110,97,114,101,32,97,101,110,101,97,110,32,101,117,105,115,109,111,100,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,113,117,105,115,32,101,110,105,109,32,108,111,98,111,114,116,105,115,32,115,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,102,101,114,109,101,110,116,117,109,46,32,86,97,114,105,117,115,32,100,117,105,115,32,97,116,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,108,111,114,101,109,32,100,111,110,101,99,32,109,97,115,115,97,32,115,97,112,105,101,110,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,115,117,115,99,105,112,105,116,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,98,105,98,101,110,100,117,109,32,101,115,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,105,101,115,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,76,101,99,116,117,115,32,117,114,110,97,32,100,117,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,116,101,108,108,117,115,46,32,78,105,98,104,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,99,111,110,115,101,113,117,97,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,118,101,108,32,112,114,101,116,105,117,109,32,108,101,99,116,117,115,32,113,117,97,109,32,105,100,32,108,101,111,46,32,70,101,117,103,105,97,116,32,105,110,32,97,110,116,101,32,109,101,116,117,115,32,100,105,99,116,117,109,32,97,116,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,99,111,109,109,111,100,111,46,32,86,101,108,105,116,32,100,105,103,110,105,115,115,105,109,32,115,111,100,97,108,101,115,32,117,116,32,101,117,32,115,101,109,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,68,105,99,116,117,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,106,117,115,116,111,32,100,111,110,101,99,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,76,111,114,101,109,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,100,111,108,111,114,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,44,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,101,108,105,116,44,32,115,101,100,32,100,111,32,101,105,117,115,109,111,100,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,105,110,99,105,100,105,100,117,110,116,32,117,116,32,108,97,98,111,114,101,32,101,116,32,100,111,108,111,114,101,32,109,97,103,110,97,32,97,108,105,113,117,97,46,32,83,101,100,32,116,117,114,112,105,115,32,116,105,110,99,105,100,117,110,116,32,105,100,32,97,108,105,113,117,101,116,32,114,105,115,117,115,46,32,69,103,101,116,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,104,97,114,101,116,114,97,32,101,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,101,115,32,110,101,113,117,101,32,111,114,110,97,114,101,32,97,101,110,101,97,110,32,101,117,105,115,109,111,100,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,113,117,105,115,32,101,110,105,109,32,108,111,98,111,114,116,105,115,32,115,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,102,101,114,109,101,110,116,117,109,46,32,86,97,114,105,117,115,32,100,117,105,115,32,97,116,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,108,111,114,101,109,32,100,111,110,101,99,32,109,97,115,115,97,32,115,97,112,105,101,110,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,115,117,115,99,105,112,105,116,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,98,105,98,101,110,100,117,109,32,101,115,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,105,101,115,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,76,101,99,116,117,115,32,117,114,110,97,32,100,117,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,116,101,108,108,117,115,46,32,78,105,98,104,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,99,111,110,115,101,113,117,97,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,118,101,108,32,112,114,101,116,105,117,109,32,108,101,99,116,117,115,32,113,117,97,109,32,105,100,32,108,101,111,46,32,70,101,117,103,105,97,116,32,105,110,32,97,110,116,101,32,109,101,116,117,115,32,100,105,99,116,117,109,32,97,116,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,99,111,109,109,111,100,111,46,32,86,101,108,105,116,32,100,105,103,110,105,115,115,105,109,32,115,111,100,97,108,101,115,32,117,116,32,101,117,32,115,101,109,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,68,105,99,116,117,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,106,117,115,116,111,32,100,111,110,101,99,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,76,111,114,101,109,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,100,111,108,111,114,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,44,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,101,108,105,116,44,32,115,101,100,32,100,111,32,101,105,117,115,109,111,100,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,105,110,99,105,100,105,100,117,110,116,32,117,116,32,108,97,98,111,114,101,32,101,116,32,100,111,108,111,114,101,32,109,97,103,110,97,32,97,108,105,113,117,97,46,32,83,101,100,32,116,117,114,112,105,115,32,116,105,110,99,105,100,117,110,116,32,105,100,32,97,108,105,113,117,101,116,32,114,105,115,117,115,46,32,69,103,101,116,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,104,97,114,101,116,114,97,32,101,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,101,115,32,110,101,113,117,101,32,111,114,110,97,114,101,32,97,101,110,101,97,110,32,101,117,105,115,109,111,100,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,113,117,105,115,32,101,110,105,109,32,108,111,98,111,114,116,105,115,32,115,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,102,101,114,109,101,110,116,117,109,46,32,86,97,114,105,117,115,32,100,117,105,115,32,97,116,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,108,111,114,101,109,32,100,111,110,101,99,32,109,97,115,115,97,32,115,97,112,105,101,110,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,115,117,115,99,105,112,105,116,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,98,105,98,101,110,100,117,109,32,101,115,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,105,101,115,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,76,101,99,116,117,115,32,117,114,110,97,32,100,117,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,116,101,108,108,117,115,46,32,78,105,98,104,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,99,111,110,115,101,113,117,97,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,118,101,108,32,112,114,101,116,105,117,109,32,108,101,99,116,117,115,32,113,117,97,109,32,105,100,32,108,101,111,46,32,70,101,117,103,105,97,116,32,105,110,32,97,110,116,101,32,109,101,116,117,115,32,100,105,99,116,117,109,32,97,116,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,99,111,109,109,111,100,111,46,32,86,101,108,105,116,32,100,105,103,110,105,115,115,105,109,32,115,111,100,97,108,101,115,32,117,116,32,101,117,32,115,101,109,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,68,105,99,116,117,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,106,117,115,116,111,32,100,111,110,101,99,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,76,111,114,101,109,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,100,111,108,111,114,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,44,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,101,108,105,116,44,32,115,101,100,32,100,111,32,101,105,117,115,109,111,100,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,105,110,99,105,100,105,100,117,110,116,32,117,116,32,108,97,98,111,114,101,32,101,116,32,100,111,108,111,114,101,32,109,97,103,110,97,32,97,108,105,113,117,97,46,32,83,101,100,32,116,117,114,112,105,115,32,116,105,110,99,105,100,117,110,116,32,105,100,32,97,108,105,113,117,101,116,32,114,105,115,117,115,46,32,69,103,101,116,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,104,97,114,101,116,114,97,32,101,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,101,115,32,110,101,113,117,101,32,111,114,110,97,114,101,32,97,101,110,101,97,110,32,101,117,105,115,109,111,100,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,113,117,105,115,32,101,110,105,109,32,108,111,98,111,114,116,105,115,32,115,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,102,101,114,109,101,110,116,117,109,46,32,86,97,114,105,117,115,32,100,117,105,115,32,97,116,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,108,111,114,101,109,32,100,111,110,101,99,32,109,97,115,115,97,32,115,97,112,105,101,110,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,115,117,115,99,105,112,105,116,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,98,105,98,101,110,100,117,109,32,101,115,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,105,101,115,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,76,101,99,116,117,115,32,117,114,110,97,32,100,117,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,116,101,108,108,117,115,46,32,78,105,98,104,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,99,111,110,115,101,113,117,97,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,118,101,108,32,112,114,101,116,105,117,109,32,108,101,99,116,117,115,32,113,117,97,109,32,105,100,32,108,101,111,46,32,70,101,117,103,105,97,116,32,105,110,32,97,110,116,101,32,109,101,116,117,115,32,100,105,99,116,117,109,32,97,116,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,99,111,109,109,111,100,111,46,32,86,101,108,105,116,32,100,105,103,110,105,115,115,105,109,32,115,111,100,97,108,101,115,32,117,116,32,101,117,32,115,101,109,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,68,105,99,116,117,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,106,117,115,116,111,32,100,111,110,101,99,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,76,111,114,101,109,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,100,111,108,111,114,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,44,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,101,108,105,116,44,32,115,101,100,32,100,111,32,101,105,117,115,109,111,100,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,105,110,99,105,100,105,100,117,110,116,32,117,116,32,108,97,98,111,114,101,32,101,116,32,100,111,108,111,114,101,32,109,97,103,110,97,32,97,108,105,113,117,97,46,32,83,101,100,32,116,117,114,112,105,115,32,116,105,110,99,105,100,117,110,116,32,105,100,32,97,108,105,113,117,101,116,32,114,105,115,117,115,46,32,69,103,101,116,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,104,97,114,101,116,114,97,32,101,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,101,115,32,110,101,113,117,101,32,111,114,110,97,114,101,32,97,101,110,101,97,110,32,101,117,105,115,109,111,100,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,113,117,105,115,32,101,110,105,109,32,108,111,98,111,114,116,105,115,32,115,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,102,101,114,109,101,110,116,117,109,46,32,86,97,114,105,117,115,32,100,117,105,115,32,97,116,32,99,111,110,115,101,99,116,101,116,117,114,32,108,111,114,101,109,32,100,111,110,101,99,32,109,97,115,115,97,32,115,97,112,105,101,110,46,32,68,105,97,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,115,117,115,99,105,112,105,116,32,97,100,105,112,105,115,99,105,110,103,32,98,105,98,101,110,100,117,109,32,101,115,116,32,117,108,116,114,105,99,105,101,115,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,76,101,99,116,117,115,32,117,114,110,97,32,100,117,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,99,111,110,118,97,108,108,105,115,32,116,101,108,108,117,115,46,32,78,105,98,104,32,105,112,115,117,109,32,99,111,110,115,101,113,117,97,116,32,110,105,115,108,32,118,101,108,32,112,114,101,116,105,117,109,32,108,101,99,116,117,115,32,113,117,97,109,32,105,100,32,108,101,111,46,32,70,101,117,103,105,97,116,32,105,110,32,97,110,116,101,32,109,101,116,117,115,32,100,105,99,116,117,109,32,97,116,32,116,101,109,112,111,114,32,99,111,109,109,111,100,111,46,32,86,101,108,105,116,32,100,105,103,110,105,115,115,105,109,32,115,111,100,97,108,101,115,32,117,116,32,101,117,32,115,101,109,32,105,110,116,101,103,101,114,46,32,68,105,99,116,117,109,32,115,105,116,32,97,109,101,116,32,106,117,115,116,111,32,100,111,110,101,99,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115,46,32,83,99,101,108,101,114,105,115,113,117,101,32,109,97,117,114,105,115,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,112,117,108,118,105,110,97,114,32,112,101,108,108,101,110,116,101,115,113,117,101,32,104,97,98,105,116,97,110,116,32,109,111,114,98,105,32,116,114,105,115,116,105,113,117,101,32,115,101,110,101,99,116,117,115]),for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

15.6 ± 0.5

14.8

17.3

2.48 ± 0.16

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

14.3 ± 0.5

13.3

15.6

2.26 ± 0.15

Go

63.8 ± 2.8

57.3

69.1

10.10 ± 0.74

Scala (native)

7.1 ± 0.6

6.1

8.9

1.12 ± 0.11

Scala (GraalVM)

6.3 ± 0.4

5.5

7.7

1.00

C++

7040.2 ± 47.1

6967.5

7138.0

1114.18 ± 64.89

std.foldl

Source 
local input = std.makeArray(10000, function(i) 'xxxxx');

std.foldl(function(acc, value) acc + value, input, '')

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

2.2 ± 0.2

2.0

3.4

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

26.7 ± 1.8

22.5

31.0

12.07 ± 1.31

Go

1043.0 ± 18.2

1007.5

1076.2

470.67 ± 40.53

Scala (native)

80.0 ± 4.1

72.6

87.4

36.11 ± 3.55

Scala (GraalVM)

55.4 ± 4.5

44.3

63.8

24.98 ± 2.93

C++

167.7 ± 3.2

161.3

173.6

75.67 ± 6.55

std.manifestJsonEx

Source 
{
  bar: {
    prometheusOperator+: {
      service+: {
        spec+: {
          ports: [
            {
              name: 'https',
              port: 8443,
              targetPort: 'https',
            },
          ],
        },
      },
      serviceMonitor+: {
        spec+: {
          endpoints: [
            {
              port: 'https',
              scheme: 'https',
              honorLabels: true,
              bearerTokenFile: '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token',
              tlsConfig: {
                insecureSkipVerify: true,
              },
            },
          ]
        },
      },
      clusterRole+: {
        rules+: [
          {
            apiGroups: ['authentication.k8s.io'],
            resources: ['tokenreviews'],
            verbs: ['create'],
          },
          {
            apiGroups: ['authorization.k8s.io'],
            resources: ['subjectaccessreviews'],
            verbs: ['create'],
          },
        ],
      },
    }
  },
  foo: std.manifestJsonEx(self.bar, "  ")
}

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

748.5 ± 89.4

618.9

1457.9

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1173.6 ± 132.1

1020.2

2213.3

1.57 ± 0.26

Go

1426.9 ± 76.1

1206.5

2024.4

1.91 ± 0.25

Scala (native)

2443.6 ± 215.6

2080.3

3535.8

3.26 ± 0.48

Scala (GraalVM)

1867.9 ± 187.6

1510.0

2727.7

2.50 ± 0.39

C++

56868.5 ± 1565.7

53376.4

59440.7

75.97 ± 9.32

std.manifestTomlEx

Source 
{
  bar: {
    prometheusOperator+: {
      service+: {
        spec+: {
          ports: [
            {
              name: 'https',
              port: 8443,
              targetPort: 'https',
            },
          ],
        },
      },
      serviceMonitor+: {
        spec+: {
          endpoints: [
            {
              port: 'https',
              scheme: 'https',
              honorLabels: true,
              bearerTokenFile: '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token',
              tlsConfig: {
                insecureSkipVerify: true,
              },
            },
          ],
        },
      },
      clusterRole+: {
        rules+: [
          {
            apiGroups: ['authentication.k8s.io'],
            resources: ['tokenreviews'],
            verbs: ['create'],
          },
          {
            apiGroups: ['authorization.k8s.io'],
            resources: ['subjectaccessreviews'],
            verbs: ['create'],
          },
        ],
      },
    },
  },
  nothing: std.manifestTomlEx(self.bar, '  '),
}

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

750.5 ± 92.9

624.9

1531.7

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1190.8 ± 141.6

1007.4

2224.5

1.59 ± 0.27

Go

1427.7 ± 82.5

1217.9

1923.1

1.90 ± 0.26

Scala (native)

2558.8 ± 258.8

2168.4

3590.2

3.41 ± 0.54

Scala (GraalVM)

1940.1 ± 185.3

1568.4

3078.2

2.59 ± 0.40

C++

519148.2 ± 5114.2

512290.7

527415.7

691.74 ± 85.90

std.parseInt

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.parseInt("-123949595") for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

771.7 ± 99.3

633.6

1465.7

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1177.7 ± 135.4

1030.0

2068.3

1.53 ± 0.26

Go

1398.2 ± 78.8

1203.3

1922.2

1.81 ± 0.25

Scala (native)

2383.6 ± 227.4

2008.7

3848.0

3.09 ± 0.49

Scala (GraalVM)

1809.3 ± 167.6

1430.0

2685.7

2.34 ± 0.37

C++

53474.0 ± 1377.1

50862.9

56321.0

69.30 ± 9.10

std.reverse

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.reverse(std.range(0, 5000)) for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

24.5 ± 1.1

22.5

27.5

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

54.6 ± 2.3

51.0

63.3

2.23 ± 0.13

Go

138.8 ± 2.4

136.2

145.1

5.67 ± 0.27

Scala (native)

44.1 ± 2.4

38.2

47.7

1.80 ± 0.13

Scala (GraalVM)

36.0 ± 1.3

32.5

38.7

1.47 ± 0.08

C++

339.8 ± 2.1

336.1

344.3

13.88 ± 0.61

std.substr

Source 
{
    foo: [
        std.substr("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Sed turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus. Eget mauris pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum. Varius duis at consectetur lorem donec massa sapien. Diam sit amet nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer. Lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Nibh ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus quam id leo. Feugiat in ante metus dictum at tempor commodo. Velit dignissim sodales ut eu sem integer. Dictum sit amet justo donec. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. ", i, 800-i) for i in std.range(0,100)
    ],
}

Command

Mean [µs]

Min [µs]

Max [µs]

Relative

Rust

917.8 ± 100.9

786.2

1720.6

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

1542.7 ± 165.7

1356.8

2708.1

1.68 ± 0.26

Go

3294.1 ± 238.4

2784.6

4146.2

3.59 ± 0.47

Scala (native)

2991.7 ± 287.0

2557.2

4080.4

3.26 ± 0.48

Scala (GraalVM)

2261.4 ± 199.8

1831.2

3287.4

2.46 ± 0.35

C++

16726.5 ± 994.8

15091.1

19537.3

18.22 ± 2.28

Comparsion for array

Note: No results for C++, too slow, takes hours, skews results

Source 
local long_array = std.range(1, 1000000);
long_array + [1] < long_array + [2]

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

10.0 ± 0.5

9.3

12.6

1.00

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

70.6 ± 4.8

54.7

81.3

7.05 ± 0.60

Go

77.3 ± 7.5

54.9

87.4

7.72 ± 0.84

Scala (native)

39.1 ± 2.6

30.4

42.7

3.90 ± 0.33

Scala (GraalVM)

64.3 ± 2.1

60.7

70.2

6.42 ± 0.38

Comparsion for primitives

Note: No results for C++, can’t run: uses up to 192GB of RAM

Source 
([ i < j for i in std.range(1, 1000) for j in std.range(1, 1000)])

Command

Mean [ms]

Min [ms]

Max [ms]

Relative

Rust

218.1 ± 4.4

206.9

227.4

1.25 ± 0.04

Rust (alternative, rsjsonnet)

432.2 ± 7.4

426.2

458.6

2.47 ± 0.08

Go

892.8 ± 25.8

860.6

992.0

5.11 ± 0.20

Scala (native)

174.8 ± 4.6

168.1

183.7

1.00

Scala (GraalVM)

204.1 ± 4.6

198.9

221.1

1.17 ± 0.04